NAUSEA
Nausea by itself is not an illness but it is the symptom for various other conditions. If you are not suffering from upset stomach there are other illnesses that can cause this problem. Nausea is basically a reaction; the body has, due to the presence of some illness in your body. Symptoms of Nausea
Patients suffering from nausea suffer from dizziness, stomach pains, body weakness and excessive perspiration.
Stomach pain
You may have to go through the stomach pain.
Dizziness
You may find yourself weak and dizzy.
Sweating
You sweat instantaneously due to the nauseating effect in your body. Causes of Nausea
Digestive tract disorders, morning sickness due to pregnancy, motion/sea sickness, prolonged stress, excessive alcohol and drug intake, overeating, and undergoing chemotherapy or other form of medication may trigger the onset of nausea.However, certain food can also make a person nauseous. This kind of condition is called food intolerance. Yeast, dairy, sugar, and wheat products may produce this kind of effect depending on a person’s suitability to food. Nausea is also a sign of an underlying medical condition such as cancer, depression, diabetes, diarrhea, fever, abdominal pain, gallstones, headache, gastroenteritis, pancreatitis and many others.
Problem in digestion
Problems with digestive system cause nausea. If digestion does not take place properly you are bound to face this problem.
Morning sickness
In early pregnancy you tend to face this problem very often.
Motion and sea sickness
Traveling in a cooped-up bus or confined in a train can cause this trouble.
Stress
Stress in any form is bad. Emotional stress is the worse. Carrying it along for a long period is he other reason.
Chemotherapy and other medicines
It is a very frequent occurrence during chemotherapy and while taking medicines.
Drugs and alcohol
This also leads to stomach upset if you have it beyond your limit.
Overeating
Consuming food more than your required share would cause this problem.
Food intolerance
Some foods can cause nausea. This kind of a reaction to food is called food intolerance. Dairy products, yeast and wheat products as well as sugar products may sometimes be a threat to your body.
Different Illnesses
Nausea is a sign of an illness, there may be different signs and symptoms depending upon the illness you suffer. Illnesses like diarrhea, weakness, fever, vomiting, abdominal pain, gastroenteritis, headache, gallstones, cancer, depression, diabetes, pancreatitis and many more illnesses which causes nausea.
Home Remedies for Nausea
Nausea treatment by using non-carbonated syrup
By consuming 1 to 2 tbsp of any non-carbonated syrup would help to bring relief to your system. These syrup formulas contain carbohydrates which help to cool down the stomach.
Nausea treatment by using gingerroot
You can treat it by having two capsules of gingerroot. It will give you a quick relief and depending how severe is your nausea.
Nausea treatment by using ginger
You can use fresh piece of ginger in your tea and have it to get relief from this problem.
Nausea treatment by emptying your stomach
A simple and best way to ease out all your nausea troubles is by vomiting and ending this grueling procedure once and for all.
Nausea treatment by using different herbs
You can have a mild tea or have gingerale which help to soothe your stomach. You can also have slippery elm, red raspberry as well as herbal candies.
Nausea treatment by using tea
Peppermint or chamomile tea is capable of getting rid of the nauseating feeling.
Nausea treatment by using apple cider vinegar
Morning sickness is a very common feature among pregnant ladies. To avoid this nauseating morning sickness mix 1 tbsp apple cider vinegar with 1 tbsp honey. Mix it in cold water and have it before going to bed.
Nausea treatment by using wheatgerm
Having few teaspoons of wheatgerm mixed with milk every hour may help you bid farewell to the nausea from morning sickness.
Nausea treatment by using rice water
After boiling 1/2 cup of rice in 1 cup of water for 10-20 minutes, consume the rice water after draining the rice from it.
Nausea treatment by using cumin seeds
You should consume 1/2 tsp grounded cumin seed to find relief from nausea and vomiting.
Nausea diet
Fiber rich diet
Smaller amounts of food are always good for you diet. Once you start feeling better you have a fiber rich diet such as banana, rice, apple sauce and toast.
Avoid oily food
A fresh and healthy diet of fruits and vegetables is always good. You should completely stop having junk, spicy and oily food in your diet.
Other Nausea treatment
Pressure points
Acupressure can benefit provided you know the right pressure points. You can do this by applying pressure between the thumb and forefinger. This would help remove the queasy feeling and prevent you from vomiting.
Tuesday, April 29, 2008
Monday, April 28, 2008
Home Remedies for Vomiting..
VOMITING
Vomiting is a forceful expulsion of the stomach contents due to the contraction of stomach muscles. Vomiting is also known as emesis. Sometimes you may attempt to vomit but may not expel anything from your mouth. This is known as retching. Vomiting may or may not be accompanied by nausea.
Vomiting Symptoms
Some of the symptoms of vomiting are as follows Increased saliva, Dizziness, Light-headedness, Difficulty in swallowing food or liquid, Changes in skin temperature, Increase in heart beat rate.
Vomiting Causes
Some of the causes of vomiting are as follows Overeating, Drinking excessive alcohol, Pregnancy, Migraine, Infections, Flu, Stomach upset, Stomach virus, Food poisoning, Poisoning, Accidental poisoning, Acute gastritis, Reflux, Intestinal obstructions, Chronic digestive conditions, Peptic ulcers, Stomach cancer, Intestinal obstruction, Kidney failure, Cholera.
Home Remedies for Vomiting
Some of the effective home remedies for vomiting are as follows.
Have a cup of ginger tea, Eat a mixture of honey and powder of 2 roasted cardamoms, Have a glass of chilled lime juice, Have a mixture of 1 tsp mint juice, 1 tsp lime juice, 1/2 tsp ginger juice and 1 tsp honey. Slowly sip a glass of honey water, Have one tsp onion juice in regular interval, Slowly sip a glass of chilled cola, Relax for some time. Diet for the first twelve hours For the first twelve hours after vomiting do not take any solid food. Limit yourself only to liquids like apple juice, carbonated juices, water and so on. Avoid citrus juices and dairy products for the first 24 hours.
Diet for the next twelve hours
During the next twelve hours gradually start eating banana, peeled apple, boiled potatoes, boiled rice and soup without cream.
Diet after 24 hours
After 24 hours you can have cottage cheese, non-fat milk, broiled chicken, lean meat and so on.
Other Suggestions for Vomiting
Once vomiting stops, do not rush to normal diet immediately. If vomiting continues then it is advisable to see a doctor as soon as possible.
Vomiting is a forceful expulsion of the stomach contents due to the contraction of stomach muscles. Vomiting is also known as emesis. Sometimes you may attempt to vomit but may not expel anything from your mouth. This is known as retching. Vomiting may or may not be accompanied by nausea.
Vomiting Symptoms
Some of the symptoms of vomiting are as follows Increased saliva, Dizziness, Light-headedness, Difficulty in swallowing food or liquid, Changes in skin temperature, Increase in heart beat rate.
Vomiting Causes
Some of the causes of vomiting are as follows Overeating, Drinking excessive alcohol, Pregnancy, Migraine, Infections, Flu, Stomach upset, Stomach virus, Food poisoning, Poisoning, Accidental poisoning, Acute gastritis, Reflux, Intestinal obstructions, Chronic digestive conditions, Peptic ulcers, Stomach cancer, Intestinal obstruction, Kidney failure, Cholera.
Home Remedies for Vomiting
Some of the effective home remedies for vomiting are as follows.
Have a cup of ginger tea, Eat a mixture of honey and powder of 2 roasted cardamoms, Have a glass of chilled lime juice, Have a mixture of 1 tsp mint juice, 1 tsp lime juice, 1/2 tsp ginger juice and 1 tsp honey. Slowly sip a glass of honey water, Have one tsp onion juice in regular interval, Slowly sip a glass of chilled cola, Relax for some time. Diet for the first twelve hours For the first twelve hours after vomiting do not take any solid food. Limit yourself only to liquids like apple juice, carbonated juices, water and so on. Avoid citrus juices and dairy products for the first 24 hours.
Diet for the next twelve hours
During the next twelve hours gradually start eating banana, peeled apple, boiled potatoes, boiled rice and soup without cream.
Diet after 24 hours
After 24 hours you can have cottage cheese, non-fat milk, broiled chicken, lean meat and so on.
Other Suggestions for Vomiting
Once vomiting stops, do not rush to normal diet immediately. If vomiting continues then it is advisable to see a doctor as soon as possible.
Cancer---Information
What is cancer?
Cancer is a disease of cells. It is an abnormal growth of cells which tend to proliferate in an uncontrolled way and, in some cases, to metastasize(spread).
Cancer is also called malignancy. A cancerous growth or tumor is sometimes referred to as a malignant growth or malignant tumor.
A non-malignant growth or tumor is referred to as benign. Benign tumors are not cancer. Cancer is not one disease. It is a group of more than 100 different and distinctive diseases.
Cancer is NOT contagious. Cancer can involve any tissue of the body and have many different forms in each body area. Most cancers are named for the type of cell or organ in which they start.
If a cancer spreads (metastasizes) , the new tumor bears the same name as the original (primary) tumor.
Cancer is the Latin word for crab. The ancients used the word to mean a malignancy, doubtless because of the crab-like tenacity a malignant tumor sometimes seems to show in grasping the tissues it invades.
Cancer may also be called malignancy, a malignant tumor, or a neoplasm (literally, a new growth).
How many people die of cancer each year? The following table gives the estimated numbers of new cases and deaths for each common cancer type:
Cancer Type Estimated New Cases Estimated Deaths
Bladder Cancer 61,420 13,060
Breast Cancer (Male included) 212,920 - 1,720 40,970 - 460
Colon and Rectal (combined) 148,610 55,170
Endometrial Cancer (Uterine) 41,200 7,350
Kidney Cancer (renal cell) 31,890 10,530
Leukemia (all) 35,070 22,280
Lung Cancer (including bronchus) 174,470 162,460
Melanoma 62,170 7,910
Non-Hodgkin' s Lymphoma 58,870 18,840
Pancreatic Cancer 33,370 32,300
Prostate Cancer 234,460 27,350
Skin Cancer (non-melanoma) >1,000,000 Not Available
Thyroid Cancer 30,180 1,500
SOURCE: National Cancer Institute
Home Remedies for SWEATY PALMS
SWEATY PALMS If your palms sweat more than a stool pigeon under police interrogation, you have a condition that doctors know as hyperhidrosis- -excess sweating of your palms. In nonmedical language, you might call it just plain embarrassing. But here's how to get quick, hands-on relief.
"Shock" yourself dry. "The best treatment out there is a low-level electrical current called iontophoresis, " according to Norman Levine, M.D., chief of dermatology at the University of Arizona College of Medicine Health Sciences Center in Tucson. Dr. Levine recommends a device called the Drionic that administers the low-level current.
How it works: The Drionic uses a 9-volt battery--not enough to harm you but enough to plug up over-active sweat ducts and keep them plugged for about six weeks. To remedy a sweaty palm condition, simply place your palm on top of the device for a few minutes. Further information about the Drionic is available from General Medical Company, 1935 Armacost Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90025.
Treat your palms as underarms.
For a mild case of hyperhidrosis, the solution may already be in your medicine chest. "Some people find relief by rubbing underarm antiperspirant on their palms," says Stephen M. Purcell, D.O., chairman of the Department of Dermatology at Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine and an assistant clinical professor at Hahnemann University School of Medicine in Philadelphia. But check the label: The kind of antiperspirant that works on clammy hands should contain aluminum chlorohydrate, the active drying ingredient.
Manage your stress.
"One effective way of remedying hyperhidrosis is through stress management," says Dr. Levine. "Learn biofeedback or practice some other stress control treatment, since this condition is at least partially brought on by stress or nervousness. "
Boil five tea bags in a quart of water for 10 minutes. When the solution cools, soak your hands for 20 to 30 minutes nightly. Tea contains tannic acid, which is also found in commercial products such as Ivy Dry, Zilactol and Zilactin. Tea bags can also be held in the palm for 10-15 minutes daily to reduce perspiring palms.
One way to reduce sweaty palms is to reduce your intake of foods rich in iodine. Vegetables to avoid include broccoli, asparagus and white onion. Meats to avoid include beef, liver and turkey.
Drinking sage tea provide an additional home remedy for sweaty palms. Zinc has also shown promise in lessening both perspiration as well as body odor. The best advice with zinc is to avoid long term use as it may interfere with copper absorption.
The "Obvious" Solution Is Not the Best
Why not dry those clammy hands with baby powder? After all, it seems like the cheapest dry-all solution.
"Baby powder might be the first thing people turn to. But rubbing powder on your palms is one of the worst things you can do, unless you have a very mild case," says Stephen M. Purcell, D.O., chairman of the Department of Dermatology at Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine and an assistant clinical professor at Hahnemann University School of Medicine in Philadelphia. "As the powder absorbs the perspiration, it will cake up, leaving you with sweaty, caked-up hands instead of just sweaty hands."
"Shock" yourself dry. "The best treatment out there is a low-level electrical current called iontophoresis, " according to Norman Levine, M.D., chief of dermatology at the University of Arizona College of Medicine Health Sciences Center in Tucson. Dr. Levine recommends a device called the Drionic that administers the low-level current.
How it works: The Drionic uses a 9-volt battery--not enough to harm you but enough to plug up over-active sweat ducts and keep them plugged for about six weeks. To remedy a sweaty palm condition, simply place your palm on top of the device for a few minutes. Further information about the Drionic is available from General Medical Company, 1935 Armacost Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90025.
Treat your palms as underarms.
For a mild case of hyperhidrosis, the solution may already be in your medicine chest. "Some people find relief by rubbing underarm antiperspirant on their palms," says Stephen M. Purcell, D.O., chairman of the Department of Dermatology at Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine and an assistant clinical professor at Hahnemann University School of Medicine in Philadelphia. But check the label: The kind of antiperspirant that works on clammy hands should contain aluminum chlorohydrate, the active drying ingredient.
Manage your stress.
"One effective way of remedying hyperhidrosis is through stress management," says Dr. Levine. "Learn biofeedback or practice some other stress control treatment, since this condition is at least partially brought on by stress or nervousness. "
Boil five tea bags in a quart of water for 10 minutes. When the solution cools, soak your hands for 20 to 30 minutes nightly. Tea contains tannic acid, which is also found in commercial products such as Ivy Dry, Zilactol and Zilactin. Tea bags can also be held in the palm for 10-15 minutes daily to reduce perspiring palms.
One way to reduce sweaty palms is to reduce your intake of foods rich in iodine. Vegetables to avoid include broccoli, asparagus and white onion. Meats to avoid include beef, liver and turkey.
Drinking sage tea provide an additional home remedy for sweaty palms. Zinc has also shown promise in lessening both perspiration as well as body odor. The best advice with zinc is to avoid long term use as it may interfere with copper absorption.
The "Obvious" Solution Is Not the Best
Why not dry those clammy hands with baby powder? After all, it seems like the cheapest dry-all solution.
"Baby powder might be the first thing people turn to. But rubbing powder on your palms is one of the worst things you can do, unless you have a very mild case," says Stephen M. Purcell, D.O., chairman of the Department of Dermatology at Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine and an assistant clinical professor at Hahnemann University School of Medicine in Philadelphia. "As the powder absorbs the perspiration, it will cake up, leaving you with sweaty, caked-up hands instead of just sweaty hands."
Thursday, April 24, 2008
Angelica-----Herb.
SCIENTIFIC NAME : Angelica archangelica
COMMON NAME : European Angelica, Echt engelwurz (German)
BOTANY
Angelica is a widely cultivated, aromatic biennial, northern European herb with fleshy, spindle-shaped roots, an erect stalk, and many greenish-yellow flowers arranged in an umbel. The seeds are oblong and offwhite. It is similar to and sometimes confused with the extremely toxic water hemlock, Cicuta maculata.
HISTORY
Angelica has been cultivated as a medicinal and flavoring plant in Scandinavian countries since the 12th century and in England since the 16th century. The roots and seeds are used to distill about 1% of a volatile oil used in perfumery and as a flavoring for gin and other alcoholic beverages. The candied leaves and stems are used to decorate cakes. The oil has been used medicinally to stimulate gastric secretion, treat flatulence, and topically treat rheumatic and skin disorders.
CHEMISTRY
The volatile oil contains many monoterpenes; 3-phellandrene is the principal component of var angelica, while sabinene is the most abundant monoterpene of var. sativa. Sesquiterpenes are also numerous in the oil; a-copaene and other tricyclic sesquiterpenes are characteristic constituents.
Supercritical fluid extraction has been studied as an alternative method of extracting angelica volatiles? The shelf life of the root is limited because of the loss of the volatile oil while in storage.
The small organic acid, angelic acid, was the first compound purified from the root inpentadecanolide (Exaltolide) is a fatty acid lactone constituent of the root with a musk-like odor, used as a fixative in perfumes.
As with most of the many species of angelica, A. archangelica contains a wide variety of coumarins and their glycosides. The angular furanocoumarins, archangelicin6 and angelicin, and congeners are present in the roots, and many glycosides and esters of linear furanocoumarins have also been reported.
A trisaccharide, umbelliferose, was originally isolated from angelica roots.
PHARMACOLOGY
Angelic acid was formerly used as a sedative. The angular furanocoumarin angelicin has also been reported to have sedative properties, although recent experimental evidence of this is limited. The carminative action of the volatile oil is because of an unremarkable monoterpene content. Angelica root oil was preferentially relaxant on tracheal smooth muscle preparations compared to ileal muscle.1o The oil had no effect on skeletal muscle in a second study.
The calciumblocking activity of angelica root has been examined relative to solvent used in extraction, and furanocoumarins were identified as the likely active species. The root oil has been found to have antifungal and antibacterial activity.
INTERACTIONS
Theoretically, based on additive or synergistic effects because of coumarin or coumarin derivatives possibly present in angelica root, there is a possible increased risk of bleeding when using angelica root concurrently with warfarin. Because warfarin has a narrow therapeutic index, it would be prudent to avoid concurrent use.
TOXICOLOGY
The linear furanocoumarins are wellknown dermal photosensitizers, while the angular furanocoumarins are less toxic. The presence of linear furanocoumarins in the root indicates that the plant parts should be used with caution if exposure to sunlight is expected. The coumarins are not important constituents of the oil, which therefore gives the oil a greater margin of safety in that respect. However, poisoning has been recorded with high doses of angelica oils.
SUMMARY
Angelica and its oils have been used as digestive aids for many years in Europe. At high doses, the oils can be toxic, and furanocoumarins in the plant can cause photodermatitis.
Angelica root is official in the German and Austrian pharmacopoeias and is listed as approved in the German Commission E monographs for GI disorders, although the leaf and seed are unapproved. It was official in the United States Pharmacopeia and the National Formulary from 1820 to 1936. It is monographed in the British Herbal Pharmacopeia, and in the WHO Selected Medici. nal Plants . An American.
COMMON NAME : European Angelica, Echt engelwurz (German)
BOTANY
Angelica is a widely cultivated, aromatic biennial, northern European herb with fleshy, spindle-shaped roots, an erect stalk, and many greenish-yellow flowers arranged in an umbel. The seeds are oblong and offwhite. It is similar to and sometimes confused with the extremely toxic water hemlock, Cicuta maculata.
HISTORY
Angelica has been cultivated as a medicinal and flavoring plant in Scandinavian countries since the 12th century and in England since the 16th century. The roots and seeds are used to distill about 1% of a volatile oil used in perfumery and as a flavoring for gin and other alcoholic beverages. The candied leaves and stems are used to decorate cakes. The oil has been used medicinally to stimulate gastric secretion, treat flatulence, and topically treat rheumatic and skin disorders.
CHEMISTRY
The volatile oil contains many monoterpenes; 3-phellandrene is the principal component of var angelica, while sabinene is the most abundant monoterpene of var. sativa. Sesquiterpenes are also numerous in the oil; a-copaene and other tricyclic sesquiterpenes are characteristic constituents.
Supercritical fluid extraction has been studied as an alternative method of extracting angelica volatiles? The shelf life of the root is limited because of the loss of the volatile oil while in storage.
The small organic acid, angelic acid, was the first compound purified from the root inpentadecanolide (Exaltolide) is a fatty acid lactone constituent of the root with a musk-like odor, used as a fixative in perfumes.
As with most of the many species of angelica, A. archangelica contains a wide variety of coumarins and their glycosides. The angular furanocoumarins, archangelicin6 and angelicin, and congeners are present in the roots, and many glycosides and esters of linear furanocoumarins have also been reported.
A trisaccharide, umbelliferose, was originally isolated from angelica roots.
PHARMACOLOGY
Angelic acid was formerly used as a sedative. The angular furanocoumarin angelicin has also been reported to have sedative properties, although recent experimental evidence of this is limited. The carminative action of the volatile oil is because of an unremarkable monoterpene content. Angelica root oil was preferentially relaxant on tracheal smooth muscle preparations compared to ileal muscle.1o The oil had no effect on skeletal muscle in a second study.
The calciumblocking activity of angelica root has been examined relative to solvent used in extraction, and furanocoumarins were identified as the likely active species. The root oil has been found to have antifungal and antibacterial activity.
INTERACTIONS
Theoretically, based on additive or synergistic effects because of coumarin or coumarin derivatives possibly present in angelica root, there is a possible increased risk of bleeding when using angelica root concurrently with warfarin. Because warfarin has a narrow therapeutic index, it would be prudent to avoid concurrent use.
TOXICOLOGY
The linear furanocoumarins are wellknown dermal photosensitizers, while the angular furanocoumarins are less toxic. The presence of linear furanocoumarins in the root indicates that the plant parts should be used with caution if exposure to sunlight is expected. The coumarins are not important constituents of the oil, which therefore gives the oil a greater margin of safety in that respect. However, poisoning has been recorded with high doses of angelica oils.
SUMMARY
Angelica and its oils have been used as digestive aids for many years in Europe. At high doses, the oils can be toxic, and furanocoumarins in the plant can cause photodermatitis.
Angelica root is official in the German and Austrian pharmacopoeias and is listed as approved in the German Commission E monographs for GI disorders, although the leaf and seed are unapproved. It was official in the United States Pharmacopeia and the National Formulary from 1820 to 1936. It is monographed in the British Herbal Pharmacopeia, and in the WHO Selected Medici. nal Plants . An American.
Wednesday, April 23, 2008
In Vitro Fertilisation (Test Tube Baby)--Procedure step by step
IVF – STEP BY STFP(Test Tube Baby)
1. Before starting
Screening tests will be checked and sometimes repeated. These are:
Wife
- Complete Hemogram, Blood Sugar, Urea, SGPT
- Hepatitis B [ HBsAg ]
- HIV
Husband
- Sperm test within 6 months
- Hepatitis B
- HIV
A semen sample is generally collected and stored [ cryopreserved ]. This can be used at the time of the procedure if the sample on that day is not good or if the husband is not present or is unable to give a fresh sample.
The wife is generally put on a low dose oral contraceptive pill from the 3rd / 4th / 5th day of the period. This helps in programming the treatment cycle and avoids unnecessary delays. The wife is also given iron and vitamin tablets and the husband is given a course of antibiotics.
2. Counseling
Counseling Couples with infertility problems have faced many frustrations and disappointments so they are under stress. IVF itself can be physically and emotionally taxing and the uncertainty while waiting for result can be very stressful. Consent forms must be signed before starting treatment.
3. Ovarian Stimulation :
Drugs are used to stimulate the ovaries to produce several eggs instead of the usual one to increase the chances of pregnancy. Many variations are used and yours may be different from others.The doctor will advise regarding the required drugs and its dosage.
In general there are 3 types of protocols [ Long, short and antagonist ] and 2 types of drugs [ recombinant and urinary ]. The cost of the treatment and to some extent the success rate depends on the drugs used. The doctor will discuss this before selecting and prescribing the stimulation protocol.
a. LONG PROTOCOL :
Women receiving the Long Protocol start injections on the 21st day of the previous cycle [ i.e. when about 4 – 5 oral pills are left ]. She is asked to come to MIVFG on the 2nd or 3rd day of her next period for starting the actual overiation stimulation. Sonography and sometimes a blood test is done and then the actual stimulation is started.
b. SHORT / ANTAGONIST PROTOCOL :
For women on the Short or antagonist protocol, all the injections are started on the second day of period.
Drug Treatment :
Drugs This start from the 2nd day of the cycle and lasts for about 9-12 days daily till the eggs become mature as determined by ultrasound examination and if necessary, a blood test. To minimize disruption, many women prefer their husbands / another relative / family doctor to give their injections at home or even do it themselves. It is common to have some discomfort and mild side effect while taking the drugs. The main serious side effect is over response, which is severe in about 1 in 100 stimulated cycles.
4. Ultrasound Examination
Ultrasound Examination A vaginal ultrasound examination is done after 4 days of drugs to measure the response of the ovaries. This shows the number and size of the follicles growing in the ovaries, which is a guide to how many eggs to expect and when they will be mature. This is used to decide whether the drug dosage needs any alteration and to plan the day of egg collection.
Generally about 3 scans will be carried out during the stimulation protocol. The husband is not needed during these monitoring visits.
Sometimes if the response is very poor and only one or two eggs seem likely, the chances of pregnancy may be low and doctor may suggest canceling the cycle.
5. hCG Injection
hCG injection is given to trigger the final maturing of the eggs ready for collection. Eggs collection is planned, 34-36 hours after hCG injection. The day of egg collection will usually be decided when patient has the scan and will depend on the size and number of follicles. On the day hCG is planned, the time for injection that night together with details for hospital admission for the egg collection will be informed to by the doctor. The embryologist will inform about the time for sperm collection by the husband.
6. Egg Collection
Egg identification Patient will be asked to get admitted early in the morning on the day of egg collection.
She should have nothing to eat or drink from midnight the night before the procedure.
The eggs are collected through the vagina under ultrasound control, using a fine needle, which is passed through the vagina into the ovary. Fluid from the follicles is sucked through the needle into a test tube and is passed immediately to the laboratory next door where the scientists check for eggs under the microscope. The eggs are then placed in culture fluid in special dishes in the incubator at body temperature. The procedure is performed under general anesthesia, but can be carried out under sedation if patient prefers. The procedure takes about 15-30 minutes. Patient will be able to go home about 2 - 3 hours after the procedure and arrangements will be made for her ET time two or three days later. It is common to have some vaginal bleeding after egg collection from where the needle passes through the vaginal wall. This usually settles in one to two days and does not affect your chances of pregnancy. Some discomfort from the swelling of the ovaries is common and any painkiller can be safely used. Although this is a very minor surgery, it is not without risk.
7. Sperm Collection
A fresh sperm sample is collected on the day of egg collection. This can be done just before or just after egg collection. In case, the husband requires the presence of his wife for semen collection, he should inform this to the embryologist, so that arrangements can be made likewise. The sperm sample is best produced by masturbation and there is a room for this purpose. Lubricants should NOT be used as they can effect fertilization. It is difficult for some men to produce a sperm sample on request. If he is worried about this aspect he should discuss it with the doctor before starting treatment, so that arrangements can be made to freeze some semen, which can be used if necessary. If he lives close to the hospital, it may be possible for him to produce the sperm sample at home. Sexual activity may continue during the treatment cycle. Unless advised otherwise, it is better not to ejaculate for 2 days before the egg collection. However, more than 4 or 5 days without ejaculation may reduce sperm quality.
8.
After Egg Collection
Sperm immobilisation
Sperm catching
Egg penetration
Sperm injection
Following egg collection, the eggs will be fertilized either by standardIVF or by ICSI .
Fertilisationcheck
In about 15% of cycle no eggs fertilize. If this happens, you will be advised on the day after egg collection.
9.Embryo Transfer(ET)
Embryos ET is done two or three days after egg collection. It is simple procedures needing no medication. The women's legs are rested in stirrups and the embryo passed through the cervix into the uterus through a very fine soft plastic tube. It takes only a few minutes and is usually only as uncomfortable as having a pap smear. There is no need to rest afterwards; you may go straight home or back to work and all normal activity including sexual intercourse is permitted.
Embryo GradingO.K.
However, heavy work like lifting weights, climbing staircase etc. should be avoided. Our counselor will help you in making the period after ET as stress free as possible. If there are more than three good quality embryos, it may be possible to freeze them for later transfer. This will be discussed with you before ET. Separate consent form must be signed for embryo freezing. The wife will be asked to take some injections and / or tablets after embryo transfer to support the luteal phase.
10. Pregnancy Test
You will be given a date for a pregnancy test about 14 or 15 days after embryo transfer. It is important that you get the test done even if you have a period, as there is a small chance of pregnancy even then. If it is positive we will arrange an ultrasound examination 7 – 10 days later. If the test is negative, further treatment will depend on whether you have frozen embryos stored or not.
INTRACYTOPLASMIC SPERM INJECTION (ICSI)
Micro manipulator ICSI is a process in which the embryologist collects a single sperm using a highly specialized microscope and specially developed fine glass needles and injects it directly into the center of an egg. This process is repeated for each of the mature eggs that have been collected.
ICSI is mainly used for couples with extremely poor sperm count OR where there has been poor fertilization in previous IVF cycle OR where there is reason to believe that ICSI will be the only way to achieve fertilization. It is also used in patients with Azoospermia, where sperm are obtained by testicular biopsy or epididymal aspiration.
II. FROZEN EMBRYO TRANSFER CYCLE
Embryo freezingTreatment protocol for transfer of frozen embryos is very simple. The wife is put on tablets [ estradiol valerate ] from the 2 nd day of her periods for proper development of the lining of the uterus. She will have to come for sonography once or twice to monitor the response. When the lining has developed properly, progesterone tablets are added and embryo transfer is carries out 2 or 3 days later. Husband is not required during the entire treatment cycle
1. Before starting
Screening tests will be checked and sometimes repeated. These are:
Wife
- Complete Hemogram, Blood Sugar, Urea, SGPT
- Hepatitis B [ HBsAg ]
- HIV
Husband
- Sperm test within 6 months
- Hepatitis B
- HIV
A semen sample is generally collected and stored [ cryopreserved ]. This can be used at the time of the procedure if the sample on that day is not good or if the husband is not present or is unable to give a fresh sample.
The wife is generally put on a low dose oral contraceptive pill from the 3rd / 4th / 5th day of the period. This helps in programming the treatment cycle and avoids unnecessary delays. The wife is also given iron and vitamin tablets and the husband is given a course of antibiotics.
2. Counseling
Counseling Couples with infertility problems have faced many frustrations and disappointments so they are under stress. IVF itself can be physically and emotionally taxing and the uncertainty while waiting for result can be very stressful. Consent forms must be signed before starting treatment.
3. Ovarian Stimulation :
Drugs are used to stimulate the ovaries to produce several eggs instead of the usual one to increase the chances of pregnancy. Many variations are used and yours may be different from others.The doctor will advise regarding the required drugs and its dosage.
In general there are 3 types of protocols [ Long, short and antagonist ] and 2 types of drugs [ recombinant and urinary ]. The cost of the treatment and to some extent the success rate depends on the drugs used. The doctor will discuss this before selecting and prescribing the stimulation protocol.
a. LONG PROTOCOL :
Women receiving the Long Protocol start injections on the 21st day of the previous cycle [ i.e. when about 4 – 5 oral pills are left ]. She is asked to come to MIVFG on the 2nd or 3rd day of her next period for starting the actual overiation stimulation. Sonography and sometimes a blood test is done and then the actual stimulation is started.
b. SHORT / ANTAGONIST PROTOCOL :
For women on the Short or antagonist protocol, all the injections are started on the second day of period.
Drug Treatment :
Drugs This start from the 2nd day of the cycle and lasts for about 9-12 days daily till the eggs become mature as determined by ultrasound examination and if necessary, a blood test. To minimize disruption, many women prefer their husbands / another relative / family doctor to give their injections at home or even do it themselves. It is common to have some discomfort and mild side effect while taking the drugs. The main serious side effect is over response, which is severe in about 1 in 100 stimulated cycles.
4. Ultrasound Examination
Ultrasound Examination A vaginal ultrasound examination is done after 4 days of drugs to measure the response of the ovaries. This shows the number and size of the follicles growing in the ovaries, which is a guide to how many eggs to expect and when they will be mature. This is used to decide whether the drug dosage needs any alteration and to plan the day of egg collection.
Generally about 3 scans will be carried out during the stimulation protocol. The husband is not needed during these monitoring visits.
Sometimes if the response is very poor and only one or two eggs seem likely, the chances of pregnancy may be low and doctor may suggest canceling the cycle.
5. hCG Injection
hCG injection is given to trigger the final maturing of the eggs ready for collection. Eggs collection is planned, 34-36 hours after hCG injection. The day of egg collection will usually be decided when patient has the scan and will depend on the size and number of follicles. On the day hCG is planned, the time for injection that night together with details for hospital admission for the egg collection will be informed to by the doctor. The embryologist will inform about the time for sperm collection by the husband.
6. Egg Collection
Egg identification Patient will be asked to get admitted early in the morning on the day of egg collection.
She should have nothing to eat or drink from midnight the night before the procedure.
The eggs are collected through the vagina under ultrasound control, using a fine needle, which is passed through the vagina into the ovary. Fluid from the follicles is sucked through the needle into a test tube and is passed immediately to the laboratory next door where the scientists check for eggs under the microscope. The eggs are then placed in culture fluid in special dishes in the incubator at body temperature. The procedure is performed under general anesthesia, but can be carried out under sedation if patient prefers. The procedure takes about 15-30 minutes. Patient will be able to go home about 2 - 3 hours after the procedure and arrangements will be made for her ET time two or three days later. It is common to have some vaginal bleeding after egg collection from where the needle passes through the vaginal wall. This usually settles in one to two days and does not affect your chances of pregnancy. Some discomfort from the swelling of the ovaries is common and any painkiller can be safely used. Although this is a very minor surgery, it is not without risk.
7. Sperm Collection
A fresh sperm sample is collected on the day of egg collection. This can be done just before or just after egg collection. In case, the husband requires the presence of his wife for semen collection, he should inform this to the embryologist, so that arrangements can be made likewise. The sperm sample is best produced by masturbation and there is a room for this purpose. Lubricants should NOT be used as they can effect fertilization. It is difficult for some men to produce a sperm sample on request. If he is worried about this aspect he should discuss it with the doctor before starting treatment, so that arrangements can be made to freeze some semen, which can be used if necessary. If he lives close to the hospital, it may be possible for him to produce the sperm sample at home. Sexual activity may continue during the treatment cycle. Unless advised otherwise, it is better not to ejaculate for 2 days before the egg collection. However, more than 4 or 5 days without ejaculation may reduce sperm quality.
8.
After Egg Collection
Sperm immobilisation
Sperm catching
Egg penetration
Sperm injection
Following egg collection, the eggs will be fertilized either by standardIVF or by ICSI .
Fertilisationcheck
In about 15% of cycle no eggs fertilize. If this happens, you will be advised on the day after egg collection.
9.Embryo Transfer(ET)
Embryos ET is done two or three days after egg collection. It is simple procedures needing no medication. The women's legs are rested in stirrups and the embryo passed through the cervix into the uterus through a very fine soft plastic tube. It takes only a few minutes and is usually only as uncomfortable as having a pap smear. There is no need to rest afterwards; you may go straight home or back to work and all normal activity including sexual intercourse is permitted.
Embryo GradingO.K.
However, heavy work like lifting weights, climbing staircase etc. should be avoided. Our counselor will help you in making the period after ET as stress free as possible. If there are more than three good quality embryos, it may be possible to freeze them for later transfer. This will be discussed with you before ET. Separate consent form must be signed for embryo freezing. The wife will be asked to take some injections and / or tablets after embryo transfer to support the luteal phase.
10. Pregnancy Test
You will be given a date for a pregnancy test about 14 or 15 days after embryo transfer. It is important that you get the test done even if you have a period, as there is a small chance of pregnancy even then. If it is positive we will arrange an ultrasound examination 7 – 10 days later. If the test is negative, further treatment will depend on whether you have frozen embryos stored or not.
INTRACYTOPLASMIC SPERM INJECTION (ICSI)
Micro manipulator ICSI is a process in which the embryologist collects a single sperm using a highly specialized microscope and specially developed fine glass needles and injects it directly into the center of an egg. This process is repeated for each of the mature eggs that have been collected.
ICSI is mainly used for couples with extremely poor sperm count OR where there has been poor fertilization in previous IVF cycle OR where there is reason to believe that ICSI will be the only way to achieve fertilization. It is also used in patients with Azoospermia, where sperm are obtained by testicular biopsy or epididymal aspiration.
II. FROZEN EMBRYO TRANSFER CYCLE
Embryo freezingTreatment protocol for transfer of frozen embryos is very simple. The wife is put on tablets [ estradiol valerate ] from the 2 nd day of her periods for proper development of the lining of the uterus. She will have to come for sonography once or twice to monitor the response. When the lining has developed properly, progesterone tablets are added and embryo transfer is carries out 2 or 3 days later. Husband is not required during the entire treatment cycle
Tuesday, April 22, 2008
Infections during Pregnancy and Birth deffects
Infections during pregnancy can cause a variety of birth defects.
Some examples are:
Congenital rubella (the infection posing the highest risk for fetal damage) syndrome is characterized by vision and/or hearing loss, heart defects, mental retardation, and cerebral palsy.
Toxoplasmosis infection of the mother can result in eye infections that threaten vision, hearing loss, learning disabilities, enlarged liver or spleen, mental retardation, and cerebral palsy in the infant.
Genital herpes virus infection of the mother can cause brain damage, cerebral palsy, vision or hearing impairment, and death of the baby if the virus is transmitted to the infant before or during the birth.
Fifth disease can cause a dangerous form of anemia, heart failure, and, in some cases, fetal death,
Congenital varicella syndrome, which is caused by chicken pox, can lead to scars, defects of muscle and bone, malformed and paralyzed limbs, a smaller-than- normal head, blindness, seizures, and mental retardation. This is an uncommon occurrence in pregnant women who become infected with chicken pox.
Talk to your health care provider about ways you can avoid these infections while you're pregnant and what you should do if you're exposed to any of them.
Some examples are:
Congenital rubella (the infection posing the highest risk for fetal damage) syndrome is characterized by vision and/or hearing loss, heart defects, mental retardation, and cerebral palsy.
Toxoplasmosis infection of the mother can result in eye infections that threaten vision, hearing loss, learning disabilities, enlarged liver or spleen, mental retardation, and cerebral palsy in the infant.
Genital herpes virus infection of the mother can cause brain damage, cerebral palsy, vision or hearing impairment, and death of the baby if the virus is transmitted to the infant before or during the birth.
Fifth disease can cause a dangerous form of anemia, heart failure, and, in some cases, fetal death,
Congenital varicella syndrome, which is caused by chicken pox, can lead to scars, defects of muscle and bone, malformed and paralyzed limbs, a smaller-than- normal head, blindness, seizures, and mental retardation. This is an uncommon occurrence in pregnant women who become infected with chicken pox.
Talk to your health care provider about ways you can avoid these infections while you're pregnant and what you should do if you're exposed to any of them.
Health Tips
Eat 1 tea spoon variari (fennel seeds) after every meal
Microscopic dust is bad for eyes, splash cold water 5 times a day to cleanse the dust -
Red chillies - Do not consume Lal marchi - bad for liver, kidney and
gives ulcers
Do not use lots of oil or ghee when cooking.
Eat carrots Drink chaas (butter milk) Eat yogurt
Eat raw papaya in the morning and ripe papaya in the evening
Eat 2 ripe bananas a day (scientists have proven that eating very ripe bananas are good for reducing high blood pressure, cleaning the intestines and helping reduce constipation)
CINNAMON ¼ tea-spoon of cinnamon powder mixed with cereals or anything in the morning with breakfast activates the pancreas which produces insulin, reduces the sugar level in the body· mixed with honey, it can be good for lungs and liver
HALDI (turmeric Powder)boil 1 cup milk, mix with ½ teaspoon haldi kills
lactic acid take 1 cup water add honey (in a silver cup or Pyrex dish),
add 1 teaspoon haldi (filter in a cheese cloth) store in a dark bottle drink a
spoon keeps fever away boil haldi in oil till it burns changes colour to
black and rub on (malish) the babies every 15 days it helps skin disease and fever.
JEERA (cumin seeds) crush 1 teaspoon jeera add little salt, boil in water
and give to kids for 15 days for good appetite
It works as a good mouth refresher and is also good for the liver
JAIFER (nutmeg) boil with milk and drink.Good for sleep and helps clean the lungs
DHANA (SUKA) crush and make into a powder, eat daily to clean the blood, plus good for digestion
CLOVE one drop of clove oil mixed with honey helps with stuffy nose
ELCHI, peel and eat the seeds after meals, good for heart and heart muscles
KESAR (saffron) 8-10 strands of kesar boiled in milk helps with the memory
kesar is harmful for those with high blood pressure
POPPY SEEDS good for diarreah
BADAAM (almond) soak in water overnight, peel skin and eat 5-6 to
help increase brain power and memory also keeps headaches away
PISTA good for heart and lungs, helps with pneumonia
Microscopic dust is bad for eyes, splash cold water 5 times a day to cleanse the dust -
Red chillies - Do not consume Lal marchi - bad for liver, kidney and
gives ulcers
Do not use lots of oil or ghee when cooking.
Eat carrots Drink chaas (butter milk) Eat yogurt
Eat raw papaya in the morning and ripe papaya in the evening
Eat 2 ripe bananas a day (scientists have proven that eating very ripe bananas are good for reducing high blood pressure, cleaning the intestines and helping reduce constipation)
CINNAMON ¼ tea-spoon of cinnamon powder mixed with cereals or anything in the morning with breakfast activates the pancreas which produces insulin, reduces the sugar level in the body· mixed with honey, it can be good for lungs and liver
HALDI (turmeric Powder)boil 1 cup milk, mix with ½ teaspoon haldi kills
lactic acid take 1 cup water add honey (in a silver cup or Pyrex dish),
add 1 teaspoon haldi (filter in a cheese cloth) store in a dark bottle drink a
spoon keeps fever away boil haldi in oil till it burns changes colour to
black and rub on (malish) the babies every 15 days it helps skin disease and fever.
JEERA (cumin seeds) crush 1 teaspoon jeera add little salt, boil in water
and give to kids for 15 days for good appetite
It works as a good mouth refresher and is also good for the liver
JAIFER (nutmeg) boil with milk and drink.Good for sleep and helps clean the lungs
DHANA (SUKA) crush and make into a powder, eat daily to clean the blood, plus good for digestion
CLOVE one drop of clove oil mixed with honey helps with stuffy nose
ELCHI, peel and eat the seeds after meals, good for heart and heart muscles
KESAR (saffron) 8-10 strands of kesar boiled in milk helps with the memory
kesar is harmful for those with high blood pressure
POPPY SEEDS good for diarreah
BADAAM (almond) soak in water overnight, peel skin and eat 5-6 to
help increase brain power and memory also keeps headaches away
PISTA good for heart and lungs, helps with pneumonia
Hepatitis B-Treatment,Diet and more
Hepatitis B--Treatment,
Treatment: Acute Infection
At present, there are no specific treatments for benign acute viral hepatitis. Current therapy should be aimed to support and to maintain comfort. As with most forms of hepatitis, alcohol consumption should be minimized, if not eliminated altogether. This helps the liver recover. Use of adrenocorticosteroi ds, recommended by some, appears to have no effect curing the underlying disease. Furthermore, it appears that use of steroids in early treatment of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection may result in the development of a persistent infection. Therapeutic effectiveness of interferon use on the prognosis and course of acute HBV infection remain unknown.
Treatment: Chronic Infection
A number of elements has been used in the treatment of chronic HBV. The goals of treatment are three-fold: to eliminate infectivity and transmission of HBV to others, to arrest the progression of liver disease and improve the clinical prognosis, and to prevent the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
Currently, there are several treatments being used. Interferon alpha use is most common, but now lamivudine (3TC), and others are being looked at as potential therapeutic agents. Combinations of antiviral drugs are being used with some success.
Antivirals: The following list includes those which are still in their experimental stages.
1. Acyclovir (Zovirax, Glaxo Wellcome)
2. Adefovir Dipivoxil (GS 840 - Gilead Sciences Inc)
3. Adenine Arabinoside (ARA-AMP)
4. Famciclovir (Famvir - SmithKline Beecham)
5. Ganciclovir (Ganciclovir IV-Roche-Syntex)
6. Lamivudine (3TC, Epivir, Zeffix - Glaxo Wellcome PLC)
7. Lobucavir - Bristol-Myers Squibb
8. N-Acetyl-Cysteine
Immune System Modulators:
1. Hepagene - Medeva
2. Interferon Alpha
3. Thymosin Alpha (Zadaxin - SciClone Pharmaceuticals)
Mixed Treatments:
1. Interferon Alpha + Famciclovir
2. Thymosin Alpha (Zadaxin) + Famciclovir
3. Thymosin Alpha (Zadaxin) + Lamivudine
None of these treatments can be called a cure. A true cure for this disease still remains elusive.
Alternative Treatments
Since there is no cure, many individuals have sought other sources of therapy for their damaged liver. Though many swear by these alternative treatments, they should be taken with caution. One should remember that though these alternative treatments come from natural sources, harmful side-effects may also follow. Most alternative treatments do not target the virus. They typically boost the liver's health.
1. Dandelion Root
2. Liquorice Root
3. Milk Thistle (Silymarin)
Selenium
4. Vitamin E
Healthy Diet
Eating a balanced and healthy diet will minimize any excess damage done to an infected liver and may even expedite liver recovery. It should be remembered that virtually everything we eat must pass through the liver.
1. Eat a well balanced and nutritious diet (i.e. food from each of the food groups).
2. Cut down on the intake of deep-fried and fatty foods.
3. Minimize or abstain (if possible) from alcohol consumption. Alcohol is detoxified by the liver and excessive alcohol consumption results in additional levels of liver damage.
4. Minimize your consumption of smoked, cured, and salted foods. Try using alternative seasonings when cooking (e.g. lemon juice, onion, vinegar, garlic, pepper, cloves, etc.).
5. MEAT, FISH, POULTRY & ALTERNATIVES TO MEAT provide protein, vitamin A, iron, vitamin B12, niacin, fiber, and thiamin. However, it has been stated by many physicians that consumption of meat and seafood should be reduced since digesting/processin g these forms of food can further tax the liver.
6. BREAD & CEREALS provide carbohydrates, niacin, thiamin, riboflavin, and fiber.
7. FRUITS & VEGETABLES provide vitamin A, vitamin C, fiber, and folacin.
M8. ILK & MILK PRODUCTS provide calcium, riboflavin, niacin, folacin, vitamin A, and vitamin B12..
8. Increased intake of high-fiber foods (i.e. fresh fruits and vegetables, whole grain breads, rice, and cereals) is especially helpful in keeping one healthy.
9. Avoid uncooked or partly cooked food such as marjnated meat since it may carry harmful bacteria
Liver Transplants
Liver transplants are sometimes required by those with extensive liver damage due to viral (or non-viral) causes. However, there are many factors to consider before getting a liver transplant. First and foremost, transplantation is a complex operation that requires a suitable donor. Also, there is usually a long waiting list for those wishing to receive a transplant. Moreover, transplanting a liver into a chronically hepatitis B infected individual presents the likelihood that the newly transplanted liver may become reinfected unless certain preventive measures are taken like Hepatitis-B immunoglobin. Transplant operations tend to be relatively expensive procedures. Not all hospitals may be able to perform such an operation.Despite these problems, for some individuals, liver transplants may offer the only hope for a healthy life.
New Therapy of Hepatitis-B.
SciClone Pharmaceuticals today announced that results from the Company's Taiwan phase 3 trial published in Hepatology (May 1998) demonstrate that ZADAXIN(R) thymosin alpha 1 is effective and safe in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B. Importantly, the ZADAXIN complete virologic response rate (the conversion from both hepatitis B virus positive to negative and hepatitis B e antigen positive to negative) in the study continues to increase even when measured one year after the end of treatment.
The publication on the study's primary site data, written by Professor Yun-Fang Liaw, M.D. and his colleagues of the Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan, included 98 Asian patients with chronic hepatitis B. At the start of the study, patients were randomized to receive 1.6 mg of ZADAXIN two times per week for 26 weeks, 52 weeks or no treatment. Patients were followed for a total of 18 months.
The publication highlights that patients receiving ZADAXIN showed:
Statistically significant increase in conversion from both hepatitis B virus positive to negative and hepatitis B e antigen positive to negative.
At the end of the study, 40.6% of patients receiving 1.6 mg of ZADAXIN twice per week for 26 weeks tested negative for both hepatitis B virus and hepatitis B e antigen (an immune response to the hepatitis B virus that can indicate long lasting remission of the disease) compared to 9.4% of patients in the control group, a statistically significant result (p=.004).
Statistically significant histological improvement. Patients responding to ZADAXIN showed statistically significant improvement in liver histology (inflammation of the liver) (p<.05), consistent with the ultimate goals of therapy for hepatitis B -- to prevent progression to serious liver disease, including liver cancer and cirrhosis
Experienced no significant side effects.
Professor Liaw and his co-workers, commenting on this recent Hepatology article, said: ``Thymosin alpha 1 is safe and effective in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B. The thymosin alpha 1 response rate is statistically significant in the six month treatment group when compared to control. It also reduces liver inflammation. Thymosin alpha 1 therapy offers renewed hope in the fight against chronic hepatitis B.''
Hepatitis B is a potentially deadly liver disease and one of the most common causes of death in the world. According to the World Health Organization, approximately 350 million people, or 5% of the world's population, are chronic carriers of the hepatitis B virus in their blood. These carriers of the hepatitis B virus have a 200-fold increased chance of developing serious liver disease, including liver cancer, the most common cancer in the world, and cirrhosis. Currently, ZADAXIN and interferon (a drug that produces a sustained response in less than one third of Asian patients treated and causes debilitating side effects) are the only established therapies for hepatitis B in certain Asian markets, including the People's Republic of China.
SciClone markets ZADAXIN in the People's Republic of China, the Philippines and Singapore for the treatment of hepatitis B. The drug also has been approved in Peru and Kuwait for treatment of hepatitis B and in Argentina and Italy as an influenza vaccine adjuvant. SciClone's exclusive Japanese partner, Schering-Plough K.K., recently launched a Phase 3 study of ZADAXIN in Japan for hepatitis B. SciClone has 18 ZADAXIN hepatitis B marketing applications pending in Asia, Latin American and the Middle East. SciClone intends to file a ZADAXIN hepatitis B marketing application in Taiwan during the second quarter.
SciClone Pharmaceuticals, Inc. is an international biopharmaceutical company that acquires, develops and commercializes specialist-oriented drugs for treating chronic and life-threatening diseases, including hepatitis B, hepatitis C, cystic fibrosis, cancer and immune system disorders.
Hepatitis B Carrier Fact Sheet.
Hepatitis B Virus infects the liver. The virus is in blood, semen, menstrual blood and other body fluids.5 to 10% of adults and about 90% of babies who get hepatitis B will go on to "carry" or keep the virus for the rest of their lives. These people are called "hepatitis B Carriers". They may not be sick, but they can pass the virus on to others and make others sick with hepatitis B.
People who are hepatitis B carriers can lead normal, healthy lives Most hepatitis B carriers do not feel sick or look sick. However, carriers have a higher risk o becoming sick with liver disease and liver cancer. Carriers need to have the regular care of the doctor.
There are simple ways that hepatitis B carriers can stay healthy.
1.Do not drink alcohol, it can damage the liver.
2. Tell your doctor that you are a hepatitis B carrier; ask about any treatment or tests that might help.
4.Ask a doctor before taking any medicine, even herbal medicines or medicines that can be bought without a prescription (aspirin, for example)
5. Do not inject (shoot) drugs. This makes it easier to get two other types o hepatitis (hepatitis C & D) which also damage the liver. Get help form a drug treatment center to get off drugs.
6. Get vaccinated against hepatitis A. (different viral infection.)
There are things carriers can do to keep form infecting other with hepatitis B
1. The people who are in danger of getting hepatitis B infection from a carrier are people in close contact with the carrier. Anyone who has contact with blood, semen, or other body fluids of a carrier is a "close contact". Examples of close contacts are sexual partners, people living in the same hose as the carrier, and babies born to women who are carriers. Carriers should tell close contacts about their infection.
2.Pregnant women who are hepatitis B carriers should tell their doctor about their infection. It will be important to give the new baby shots after it is born to protect it form getting hepatitis B. it is okay to breastfeed if the baby is getting shots to protect it from hepatitis B.
3. Hepatitis B carriers who have sex should use a latex condom every time they have sex
4. Never share syringes or needles for ear and body piercing or for shooting drugs
5. Never donate blood, plasma, body organs, tissue or sperm, if you are a hepatitis B carrier.
People who are not close contacts are not at risk for getting hepatitis B. carriers do not have to talk about their infection with anyone that is not a close contact. It is okay to share meals with family and friends.
Vaccination and good hygiene can protect close infection with hepatitis B
1. There is a test to see if a person has beeninfect4ed with the hepatitis B virus. Close friends should see a doctor for this test.
2. A vaccine (shots can be given to protect people from getting hepatitis B. close contact should see a doctor to get these shots.
3. Never share anything that may have come in contact with the blood or body fluids of a carrier. Examples of things that should not be shared are cigarettes, toothbrushes, razors, scissors, nail files, or clippers.
4. Cover all cuts, blisters and open sores with a bandage.
5. Wash hands well, especially after touching blood
6. Wash and wipe up blood cells. Clean the area using a mixture of household bleach and water (1 ½ cups of bleach in a gallon of water) to kill the hepatitis B virus.
Treatment: Acute Infection
At present, there are no specific treatments for benign acute viral hepatitis. Current therapy should be aimed to support and to maintain comfort. As with most forms of hepatitis, alcohol consumption should be minimized, if not eliminated altogether. This helps the liver recover. Use of adrenocorticosteroi ds, recommended by some, appears to have no effect curing the underlying disease. Furthermore, it appears that use of steroids in early treatment of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection may result in the development of a persistent infection. Therapeutic effectiveness of interferon use on the prognosis and course of acute HBV infection remain unknown.
Treatment: Chronic Infection
A number of elements has been used in the treatment of chronic HBV. The goals of treatment are three-fold: to eliminate infectivity and transmission of HBV to others, to arrest the progression of liver disease and improve the clinical prognosis, and to prevent the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
Currently, there are several treatments being used. Interferon alpha use is most common, but now lamivudine (3TC), and others are being looked at as potential therapeutic agents. Combinations of antiviral drugs are being used with some success.
Antivirals: The following list includes those which are still in their experimental stages.
1. Acyclovir (Zovirax, Glaxo Wellcome)
2. Adefovir Dipivoxil (GS 840 - Gilead Sciences Inc)
3. Adenine Arabinoside (ARA-AMP)
4. Famciclovir (Famvir - SmithKline Beecham)
5. Ganciclovir (Ganciclovir IV-Roche-Syntex)
6. Lamivudine (3TC, Epivir, Zeffix - Glaxo Wellcome PLC)
7. Lobucavir - Bristol-Myers Squibb
8. N-Acetyl-Cysteine
Immune System Modulators:
1. Hepagene - Medeva
2. Interferon Alpha
3. Thymosin Alpha (Zadaxin - SciClone Pharmaceuticals)
Mixed Treatments:
1. Interferon Alpha + Famciclovir
2. Thymosin Alpha (Zadaxin) + Famciclovir
3. Thymosin Alpha (Zadaxin) + Lamivudine
None of these treatments can be called a cure. A true cure for this disease still remains elusive.
Alternative Treatments
Since there is no cure, many individuals have sought other sources of therapy for their damaged liver. Though many swear by these alternative treatments, they should be taken with caution. One should remember that though these alternative treatments come from natural sources, harmful side-effects may also follow. Most alternative treatments do not target the virus. They typically boost the liver's health.
1. Dandelion Root
2. Liquorice Root
3. Milk Thistle (Silymarin)
Selenium
4. Vitamin E
Healthy Diet
Eating a balanced and healthy diet will minimize any excess damage done to an infected liver and may even expedite liver recovery. It should be remembered that virtually everything we eat must pass through the liver.
1. Eat a well balanced and nutritious diet (i.e. food from each of the food groups).
2. Cut down on the intake of deep-fried and fatty foods.
3. Minimize or abstain (if possible) from alcohol consumption. Alcohol is detoxified by the liver and excessive alcohol consumption results in additional levels of liver damage.
4. Minimize your consumption of smoked, cured, and salted foods. Try using alternative seasonings when cooking (e.g. lemon juice, onion, vinegar, garlic, pepper, cloves, etc.).
5. MEAT, FISH, POULTRY & ALTERNATIVES TO MEAT provide protein, vitamin A, iron, vitamin B12, niacin, fiber, and thiamin. However, it has been stated by many physicians that consumption of meat and seafood should be reduced since digesting/processin g these forms of food can further tax the liver.
6. BREAD & CEREALS provide carbohydrates, niacin, thiamin, riboflavin, and fiber.
7. FRUITS & VEGETABLES provide vitamin A, vitamin C, fiber, and folacin.
M8. ILK & MILK PRODUCTS provide calcium, riboflavin, niacin, folacin, vitamin A, and vitamin B12..
8. Increased intake of high-fiber foods (i.e. fresh fruits and vegetables, whole grain breads, rice, and cereals) is especially helpful in keeping one healthy.
9. Avoid uncooked or partly cooked food such as marjnated meat since it may carry harmful bacteria
Liver Transplants
Liver transplants are sometimes required by those with extensive liver damage due to viral (or non-viral) causes. However, there are many factors to consider before getting a liver transplant. First and foremost, transplantation is a complex operation that requires a suitable donor. Also, there is usually a long waiting list for those wishing to receive a transplant. Moreover, transplanting a liver into a chronically hepatitis B infected individual presents the likelihood that the newly transplanted liver may become reinfected unless certain preventive measures are taken like Hepatitis-B immunoglobin. Transplant operations tend to be relatively expensive procedures. Not all hospitals may be able to perform such an operation.Despite these problems, for some individuals, liver transplants may offer the only hope for a healthy life.
New Therapy of Hepatitis-B.
SciClone Pharmaceuticals today announced that results from the Company's Taiwan phase 3 trial published in Hepatology (May 1998) demonstrate that ZADAXIN(R) thymosin alpha 1 is effective and safe in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B. Importantly, the ZADAXIN complete virologic response rate (the conversion from both hepatitis B virus positive to negative and hepatitis B e antigen positive to negative) in the study continues to increase even when measured one year after the end of treatment.
The publication on the study's primary site data, written by Professor Yun-Fang Liaw, M.D. and his colleagues of the Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan, included 98 Asian patients with chronic hepatitis B. At the start of the study, patients were randomized to receive 1.6 mg of ZADAXIN two times per week for 26 weeks, 52 weeks or no treatment. Patients were followed for a total of 18 months.
The publication highlights that patients receiving ZADAXIN showed:
Statistically significant increase in conversion from both hepatitis B virus positive to negative and hepatitis B e antigen positive to negative.
At the end of the study, 40.6% of patients receiving 1.6 mg of ZADAXIN twice per week for 26 weeks tested negative for both hepatitis B virus and hepatitis B e antigen (an immune response to the hepatitis B virus that can indicate long lasting remission of the disease) compared to 9.4% of patients in the control group, a statistically significant result (p=.004).
Statistically significant histological improvement. Patients responding to ZADAXIN showed statistically significant improvement in liver histology (inflammation of the liver) (p<.05), consistent with the ultimate goals of therapy for hepatitis B -- to prevent progression to serious liver disease, including liver cancer and cirrhosis
Experienced no significant side effects.
Professor Liaw and his co-workers, commenting on this recent Hepatology article, said: ``Thymosin alpha 1 is safe and effective in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B. The thymosin alpha 1 response rate is statistically significant in the six month treatment group when compared to control. It also reduces liver inflammation. Thymosin alpha 1 therapy offers renewed hope in the fight against chronic hepatitis B.''
Hepatitis B is a potentially deadly liver disease and one of the most common causes of death in the world. According to the World Health Organization, approximately 350 million people, or 5% of the world's population, are chronic carriers of the hepatitis B virus in their blood. These carriers of the hepatitis B virus have a 200-fold increased chance of developing serious liver disease, including liver cancer, the most common cancer in the world, and cirrhosis. Currently, ZADAXIN and interferon (a drug that produces a sustained response in less than one third of Asian patients treated and causes debilitating side effects) are the only established therapies for hepatitis B in certain Asian markets, including the People's Republic of China.
SciClone markets ZADAXIN in the People's Republic of China, the Philippines and Singapore for the treatment of hepatitis B. The drug also has been approved in Peru and Kuwait for treatment of hepatitis B and in Argentina and Italy as an influenza vaccine adjuvant. SciClone's exclusive Japanese partner, Schering-Plough K.K., recently launched a Phase 3 study of ZADAXIN in Japan for hepatitis B. SciClone has 18 ZADAXIN hepatitis B marketing applications pending in Asia, Latin American and the Middle East. SciClone intends to file a ZADAXIN hepatitis B marketing application in Taiwan during the second quarter.
SciClone Pharmaceuticals, Inc. is an international biopharmaceutical company that acquires, develops and commercializes specialist-oriented drugs for treating chronic and life-threatening diseases, including hepatitis B, hepatitis C, cystic fibrosis, cancer and immune system disorders.
Hepatitis B Carrier Fact Sheet.
Hepatitis B Virus infects the liver. The virus is in blood, semen, menstrual blood and other body fluids.5 to 10% of adults and about 90% of babies who get hepatitis B will go on to "carry" or keep the virus for the rest of their lives. These people are called "hepatitis B Carriers". They may not be sick, but they can pass the virus on to others and make others sick with hepatitis B.
People who are hepatitis B carriers can lead normal, healthy lives Most hepatitis B carriers do not feel sick or look sick. However, carriers have a higher risk o becoming sick with liver disease and liver cancer. Carriers need to have the regular care of the doctor.
There are simple ways that hepatitis B carriers can stay healthy.
1.Do not drink alcohol, it can damage the liver.
2. Tell your doctor that you are a hepatitis B carrier; ask about any treatment or tests that might help.
4.Ask a doctor before taking any medicine, even herbal medicines or medicines that can be bought without a prescription (aspirin, for example)
5. Do not inject (shoot) drugs. This makes it easier to get two other types o hepatitis (hepatitis C & D) which also damage the liver. Get help form a drug treatment center to get off drugs.
6. Get vaccinated against hepatitis A. (different viral infection.)
There are things carriers can do to keep form infecting other with hepatitis B
1. The people who are in danger of getting hepatitis B infection from a carrier are people in close contact with the carrier. Anyone who has contact with blood, semen, or other body fluids of a carrier is a "close contact". Examples of close contacts are sexual partners, people living in the same hose as the carrier, and babies born to women who are carriers. Carriers should tell close contacts about their infection.
2.Pregnant women who are hepatitis B carriers should tell their doctor about their infection. It will be important to give the new baby shots after it is born to protect it form getting hepatitis B. it is okay to breastfeed if the baby is getting shots to protect it from hepatitis B.
3. Hepatitis B carriers who have sex should use a latex condom every time they have sex
4. Never share syringes or needles for ear and body piercing or for shooting drugs
5. Never donate blood, plasma, body organs, tissue or sperm, if you are a hepatitis B carrier.
People who are not close contacts are not at risk for getting hepatitis B. carriers do not have to talk about their infection with anyone that is not a close contact. It is okay to share meals with family and friends.
Vaccination and good hygiene can protect close infection with hepatitis B
1. There is a test to see if a person has beeninfect4ed with the hepatitis B virus. Close friends should see a doctor for this test.
2. A vaccine (shots can be given to protect people from getting hepatitis B. close contact should see a doctor to get these shots.
3. Never share anything that may have come in contact with the blood or body fluids of a carrier. Examples of things that should not be shared are cigarettes, toothbrushes, razors, scissors, nail files, or clippers.
4. Cover all cuts, blisters and open sores with a bandage.
5. Wash hands well, especially after touching blood
6. Wash and wipe up blood cells. Clean the area using a mixture of household bleach and water (1 ½ cups of bleach in a gallon of water) to kill the hepatitis B virus.
Gene --Info
What Is a Gene?
Each cell in the human body contains about 25,000 to 35,000 genes, which carry information that determines your traits (say: trates). Traits are characteristics you inherit from your parents; this means your parents pass some of their characteristics on to you through genes. For example, if both of your parents have green eyes, you might inherit the trait of green eyes from them. Or if your mom has freckles, you might inherit that trait and wind up with a freckled face. And genes aren't just in humans — all animals and plants have genes, too.Genes hang out all lined up on thread-like things called chromosomes (say: kro-moh-somes). Chromosomes come in pairs, and there are hundreds, sometimes thousands, of genes in one chromosome. The chromosomes and genes are made of DNA, which is short for deoxyribonucleic (say: dee-ox-see-ri-bo-nyoo-clay-ik) acid.Chromosomes are found inside cells, the very small units that make up all living things. A cell is so tiny that you can only see it through the lens of a strong microscope, and there are billions of cells in your body. Most cells have one nucleus (say: noo-clee-us). The nucleus, which is sort of egg-shaped, is like the brain of the cell. It tells every part of the cell what to do. How does the nucleus know so much? It contains our chromosomes and genes. As tiny as it is, the nucleus has more information in it than the biggest dictionary you've ever seen.In humans, a cell nucleus contains 46 individual chromosomes or 23 pairs of chromosomes (chromosomes come in pairs, remember? 23 X 2 = 46). Half of these chromosomes come from one parent and half come from the other parent. But not every living thing has 46 chromosomes inside of its cells. For instance, a fruit fly cell only has four chromosomesEach gene has a special job to do. It carries blueprints — the instructions — for making proteins (say: pro-teens) in the cell. Proteins are the building blocks for everything in your body. Bones and teeth, hair and earlobes, muscles and blood, all are made up of proteins (as well as other stuff). Those proteins help our bodies grow, work properly, and stay healthy. Scientists today estimate that each gene in the body may make as many as 10 different proteins. That's over 300,000 proteins!Like chromosomes, genes come in pairs. Each of your biological parents has two copies of each of their genes, and each parent passes along just one copy to make up the genes you have. Genes that are passed on to you determine many of your traits, such as your hair color and skin color.
What Is Gene Therapy?
Gene therapy uses the technology of genetic engineering to cure or treat a disease caused by a gene that has changed in some way. This is a new kind of medicine, and scientists are still doing experiments to see if it works. One method they are trying is replacing sick genes with healthy ones. Gene therapy trials — where the research is tested on people — and other research may lead to new ways to treat or even prevent many diseases.
Each cell in the human body contains about 25,000 to 35,000 genes, which carry information that determines your traits (say: trates). Traits are characteristics you inherit from your parents; this means your parents pass some of their characteristics on to you through genes. For example, if both of your parents have green eyes, you might inherit the trait of green eyes from them. Or if your mom has freckles, you might inherit that trait and wind up with a freckled face. And genes aren't just in humans — all animals and plants have genes, too.Genes hang out all lined up on thread-like things called chromosomes (say: kro-moh-somes). Chromosomes come in pairs, and there are hundreds, sometimes thousands, of genes in one chromosome. The chromosomes and genes are made of DNA, which is short for deoxyribonucleic (say: dee-ox-see-ri-bo-nyoo-clay-ik) acid.Chromosomes are found inside cells, the very small units that make up all living things. A cell is so tiny that you can only see it through the lens of a strong microscope, and there are billions of cells in your body. Most cells have one nucleus (say: noo-clee-us). The nucleus, which is sort of egg-shaped, is like the brain of the cell. It tells every part of the cell what to do. How does the nucleus know so much? It contains our chromosomes and genes. As tiny as it is, the nucleus has more information in it than the biggest dictionary you've ever seen.In humans, a cell nucleus contains 46 individual chromosomes or 23 pairs of chromosomes (chromosomes come in pairs, remember? 23 X 2 = 46). Half of these chromosomes come from one parent and half come from the other parent. But not every living thing has 46 chromosomes inside of its cells. For instance, a fruit fly cell only has four chromosomesEach gene has a special job to do. It carries blueprints — the instructions — for making proteins (say: pro-teens) in the cell. Proteins are the building blocks for everything in your body. Bones and teeth, hair and earlobes, muscles and blood, all are made up of proteins (as well as other stuff). Those proteins help our bodies grow, work properly, and stay healthy. Scientists today estimate that each gene in the body may make as many as 10 different proteins. That's over 300,000 proteins!Like chromosomes, genes come in pairs. Each of your biological parents has two copies of each of their genes, and each parent passes along just one copy to make up the genes you have. Genes that are passed on to you determine many of your traits, such as your hair color and skin color.
What Is Gene Therapy?
Gene therapy uses the technology of genetic engineering to cure or treat a disease caused by a gene that has changed in some way. This is a new kind of medicine, and scientists are still doing experiments to see if it works. One method they are trying is replacing sick genes with healthy ones. Gene therapy trials — where the research is tested on people — and other research may lead to new ways to treat or even prevent many diseases.
Pregnancy and Hepatitis B....
Hepatitis B is a serious disease caused by a virus that attacks the liver. The virus, which is called hepatitis B virus (HBV), can cause lifelong infection, cirrhosis (scarring) of the liver, liver cancer, liver failure, and death.
"Chronic hepatitis B"
Chronic infection with HBV means that you have a long-term HBV infection; your body did not get rid of the virus when you were first infected with HBV. The risk of progressing to chronic infection is age dependent (i.e., 2% to 6% of people over aged 5 years; 30% of children aged 1-5 years; and up to 90% of infants). People with chronic infection can infect others and are at increased risk of serious liver disease including cirrhosis and liver cancer. In the United States, an estimated 1.25million people are chronically infected with HBV. If you are pregnant, should you worry about hepatitis B?Yes, you should get a blood test to check for HBV infection early in your pregnancy. This test is called hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). If you test HBsAg-negative early in pregnancy, but continue behaviors that put you at risk for HBV infection (e.g., multiple sex partners, injection drug use), you should be retested for HBsAg close to delivery. If your HBsAg test is positive, this means you are infected with HBV and can give the virus to your baby. Babies who get HBV at birth might develop chronic HBV infection that can lead to cirrhosis of the liver or liver cancer. If your blood test is positive, your baby should receive the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine, along with another shot, hepatitis B immune globulin (called HBIG), at birth. The second dose of vaccine should be given at aged 1-2 months and the third dose at aged 6 months (but not before aged 24 weeks).
These are good questions to ask your doctor.
1. Has my blood been tested for hepatitis B virus?
2. Do I need hepatitis B vaccine?
3. Will you make sure that my baby gets hepatitis B vaccine at birth?
Ask your doctor to make sure your baby gets a shot called HBIG and the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine at birth. Once your baby has this shot, it is safe to breastfeed your baby. But it is also important to make sure your baby completes all the hepatitis B vaccine doses, and is tested to make sure he or she is protected.
Most newborns who become infected with hepatitis B virus do not get sick at first, but they have a 90% chance of developing lifelong infection. If your child gets infected, he or she can develop serious liver damage and might get liver cancer later in life. But there is good news! Hepatitis B is preventable with a very safe and effective vaccine. You can protect your baby for life by making sure he or she vaccinated beginning at birth.
Neither pregnancy nor breastfeeding should be considered a contraindication to vaccination of women. On the basis of limited experience, there is no apparent risk of adverse effects to developing fetuses when hepatitis B vaccine is administered to pregnant women. The vaccine contains noninfectious HBsAg particles and should cause no risk to the fetus. HBV infection affecting a pregnant woman might result in severe disease for the mother and chronic HBV infection for the newborn.
"Chronic hepatitis B"
Chronic infection with HBV means that you have a long-term HBV infection; your body did not get rid of the virus when you were first infected with HBV. The risk of progressing to chronic infection is age dependent (i.e., 2% to 6% of people over aged 5 years; 30% of children aged 1-5 years; and up to 90% of infants). People with chronic infection can infect others and are at increased risk of serious liver disease including cirrhosis and liver cancer. In the United States, an estimated 1.25million people are chronically infected with HBV. If you are pregnant, should you worry about hepatitis B?Yes, you should get a blood test to check for HBV infection early in your pregnancy. This test is called hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). If you test HBsAg-negative early in pregnancy, but continue behaviors that put you at risk for HBV infection (e.g., multiple sex partners, injection drug use), you should be retested for HBsAg close to delivery. If your HBsAg test is positive, this means you are infected with HBV and can give the virus to your baby. Babies who get HBV at birth might develop chronic HBV infection that can lead to cirrhosis of the liver or liver cancer. If your blood test is positive, your baby should receive the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine, along with another shot, hepatitis B immune globulin (called HBIG), at birth. The second dose of vaccine should be given at aged 1-2 months and the third dose at aged 6 months (but not before aged 24 weeks).
These are good questions to ask your doctor.
1. Has my blood been tested for hepatitis B virus?
2. Do I need hepatitis B vaccine?
3. Will you make sure that my baby gets hepatitis B vaccine at birth?
Ask your doctor to make sure your baby gets a shot called HBIG and the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine at birth. Once your baby has this shot, it is safe to breastfeed your baby. But it is also important to make sure your baby completes all the hepatitis B vaccine doses, and is tested to make sure he or she is protected.
Most newborns who become infected with hepatitis B virus do not get sick at first, but they have a 90% chance of developing lifelong infection. If your child gets infected, he or she can develop serious liver damage and might get liver cancer later in life. But there is good news! Hepatitis B is preventable with a very safe and effective vaccine. You can protect your baby for life by making sure he or she vaccinated beginning at birth.
Neither pregnancy nor breastfeeding should be considered a contraindication to vaccination of women. On the basis of limited experience, there is no apparent risk of adverse effects to developing fetuses when hepatitis B vaccine is administered to pregnant women. The vaccine contains noninfectious HBsAg particles and should cause no risk to the fetus. HBV infection affecting a pregnant woman might result in severe disease for the mother and chronic HBV infection for the newborn.
Hepatitis B-----Info.
Hepatitis B is a virus that infects the liver. Most adults who get hepatitis B have it for a short time and then get better. This is called acute hepatitis B. You can have hepatitis B and not know it. You may not have symptoms. If you do, they can make you feel like you have the flu. But as long as you have the virus, you can spread it to others.Sometimes the virus causes a long-term infection, called chronic hepatitis B. Over time, it can damage your liver. Babies and young children infected with the virus are more likely to get chronic hepatitis B.
What causes hepatitis B?
Hepatitis B is caused by the hepatitis B virus. It is spread through contact with the blood and body fluids of an infected person.
You may get hepatitis B if you:
1. Have sex with an infected person without using a condom.
2. Share needles (used for injecting drugs) with an infected person.
3. Get a tattoo or piercing with tools that were not cleaned well.
4. Share personal items like razors or toothbrushes with an infected person.
A mother who has the virus can pass it to her baby during delivery. If you are pregnant and think you may have been exposed to hepatitis B, get tested. If you have the virus, your baby can get shots to help prevent infection with the virus.You cannot get hepatitis B from casual contact such as hugging, kissing, sneezing, coughing, or sharing food or drinks.
What are the symptoms?
Many people with hepatitis B do not know they have it, because they do not have symptoms. If you do have symptoms, you may just feel like you have the flu.
Symptoms include:
1. Feeling very tired.
2. Mild fever.
3. Headache.
4. Not wanting to eat.
5. Feeling sick to your stomach or vomiting.
6. Belly pain.
7. Diarrhea or constipation.
8. Muscle aches and joint pain.
9. Skin rash.
10. Yellowish eyes and skin (jaundice). Jaundice usually appears only after other symptoms have started to go away.
Most people with chronic hepatitis B have no symptoms.
How is hepatitis B diagnosed?
A simple blood test can tell your doctor if you have the hepatitis B virus now or if you had it in the past. Your doctor will also be able to tell if you have had the vaccine to prevent the virus.If your doctor thinks you may have liver damage from hepatitis B, he or she may use a needle to take a tiny sample of your liver for testing. This is called a liver biopsy.
How is it treated?
In most cases, hepatitis B goes away on its own. You can relieve your symptoms at home by resting, eating healthy foods, drinking plenty of water, and avoiding alcohol and drugs. Also, find out from your doctor what medicines and herbal products to avoid, because some can make liver damage caused by hepatitis B worse.Treatment for chronic hepatitis B depends on whether your infection is getting worse and whether you have liver damage. Most people with chronic hepatitis B can live active, full lives by taking good care of themselves and getting regular checkups. There are medicines for chronic hepatitis B, but they may not be right for everyone. Work with your doctor to decide whether medicine is the right treatment for you.Sometimes chronic hepatitis B can lead to severe liver damage. If this happens, you may need a liver transplant.
Can hepatitis B be prevented?
The hepatitis B vaccine is the best way to prevent infection. The vaccine is a series of three shots. Adults at risk and all babies, children, and teenagers should be vaccinated.
To avoid getting or spreading the virus to others:
1. Use a condom when you have sex.
2. Do not share needles.
3. Wear latex or plastic gloves if you have to touch blood.
Do not share toothbrushes or razors.
What causes hepatitis B?
Hepatitis B is caused by the hepatitis B virus. It is spread through contact with the blood and body fluids of an infected person.
You may get hepatitis B if you:
1. Have sex with an infected person without using a condom.
2. Share needles (used for injecting drugs) with an infected person.
3. Get a tattoo or piercing with tools that were not cleaned well.
4. Share personal items like razors or toothbrushes with an infected person.
A mother who has the virus can pass it to her baby during delivery. If you are pregnant and think you may have been exposed to hepatitis B, get tested. If you have the virus, your baby can get shots to help prevent infection with the virus.You cannot get hepatitis B from casual contact such as hugging, kissing, sneezing, coughing, or sharing food or drinks.
What are the symptoms?
Many people with hepatitis B do not know they have it, because they do not have symptoms. If you do have symptoms, you may just feel like you have the flu.
Symptoms include:
1. Feeling very tired.
2. Mild fever.
3. Headache.
4. Not wanting to eat.
5. Feeling sick to your stomach or vomiting.
6. Belly pain.
7. Diarrhea or constipation.
8. Muscle aches and joint pain.
9. Skin rash.
10. Yellowish eyes and skin (jaundice). Jaundice usually appears only after other symptoms have started to go away.
Most people with chronic hepatitis B have no symptoms.
How is hepatitis B diagnosed?
A simple blood test can tell your doctor if you have the hepatitis B virus now or if you had it in the past. Your doctor will also be able to tell if you have had the vaccine to prevent the virus.If your doctor thinks you may have liver damage from hepatitis B, he or she may use a needle to take a tiny sample of your liver for testing. This is called a liver biopsy.
How is it treated?
In most cases, hepatitis B goes away on its own. You can relieve your symptoms at home by resting, eating healthy foods, drinking plenty of water, and avoiding alcohol and drugs. Also, find out from your doctor what medicines and herbal products to avoid, because some can make liver damage caused by hepatitis B worse.Treatment for chronic hepatitis B depends on whether your infection is getting worse and whether you have liver damage. Most people with chronic hepatitis B can live active, full lives by taking good care of themselves and getting regular checkups. There are medicines for chronic hepatitis B, but they may not be right for everyone. Work with your doctor to decide whether medicine is the right treatment for you.Sometimes chronic hepatitis B can lead to severe liver damage. If this happens, you may need a liver transplant.
Can hepatitis B be prevented?
The hepatitis B vaccine is the best way to prevent infection. The vaccine is a series of three shots. Adults at risk and all babies, children, and teenagers should be vaccinated.
To avoid getting or spreading the virus to others:
1. Use a condom when you have sex.
2. Do not share needles.
3. Wear latex or plastic gloves if you have to touch blood.
Do not share toothbrushes or razors.
Saturday, April 19, 2008
How important it is to know the reason
The train has started moving. It is packed with people of all ages, mostly with the working men and women and young college guys and gals. Near the window, seated a old man with his 30 year old son. As the train moves by, the son is overwhelmed with joy as he was thrilled with the scenery outside..
" See dad, the scenery of green trees moving away is very beautiful"
This behaviour from a thirty year old son made the other people feel strange about him. Every one started murmuring something or other about this son."This guy seems to be a krack.." newly married Anup whispered to his wife.
Suddenly it started raining... Rain drops fell on the travellers through the opened window. The Thirty year old son , filled with joy " see dad, how beautiful the rain is .."
Anup's wife got irritated with the rain drops spoiling her new suit.
Anup ," cant you see its raining, you old man, if your son is not feeling well get him soon to a mental asylum..and don't disturb public henceforth"
The old man hesitated first and then in a low tone replied " we are on the way back from hospital, my son got discharged today morning , he was a blind by birth, last week only he got his vision, these rain and nature are new to his eyes.. Please forgive us for the inconvenience caused..."
"The things we see may be right from our perspective until we know the truth. But when we know the truth our reaction to that will hurt even us."
" See dad, the scenery of green trees moving away is very beautiful"
This behaviour from a thirty year old son made the other people feel strange about him. Every one started murmuring something or other about this son."This guy seems to be a krack.." newly married Anup whispered to his wife.
Suddenly it started raining... Rain drops fell on the travellers through the opened window. The Thirty year old son , filled with joy " see dad, how beautiful the rain is .."
Anup's wife got irritated with the rain drops spoiling her new suit.
Anup ," cant you see its raining, you old man, if your son is not feeling well get him soon to a mental asylum..and don't disturb public henceforth"
The old man hesitated first and then in a low tone replied " we are on the way back from hospital, my son got discharged today morning , he was a blind by birth, last week only he got his vision, these rain and nature are new to his eyes.. Please forgive us for the inconvenience caused..."
"The things we see may be right from our perspective until we know the truth. But when we know the truth our reaction to that will hurt even us."
Friday, April 18, 2008
Husband and Software---funny
Husband: (Returning late form work) "Good evening Dear, I'm now logged in."
Wife: Have you brought the ring?
Husband: Bad command or filename.
Wife: But I told you in the morn...
Husband: Erroneous syntax.
Wife: What about my new blouse?
Husband: Variable not found...
Wife: At least, give me your Credit Card; I want to do some shopping.
Husband: Sharing Violation. Access denied...
Wife: Do you love me or do you only love computers or are you just being funny?
Husband: Too many parameters. Abort!
Wife: It was a grave mistake that I married an idiot like you.
Husband: Data type mismatch.
Wife: You are a useless nut.
Husband: Default Parameter.
Wife: What about your Salary?
Husband: Access denied. File in use...
Wife: Who was in the car this morning?
Husband: System unstable. Press CTRL + ALT + DEL to Reboot
Wife: Have you brought the ring?
Husband: Bad command or filename.
Wife: But I told you in the morn...
Husband: Erroneous syntax.
Wife: What about my new blouse?
Husband: Variable not found...
Wife: At least, give me your Credit Card; I want to do some shopping.
Husband: Sharing Violation. Access denied...
Wife: Do you love me or do you only love computers or are you just being funny?
Husband: Too many parameters. Abort!
Wife: It was a grave mistake that I married an idiot like you.
Husband: Data type mismatch.
Wife: You are a useless nut.
Husband: Default Parameter.
Wife: What about your Salary?
Husband: Access denied. File in use...
Wife: Who was in the car this morning?
Husband: System unstable. Press CTRL + ALT + DEL to Reboot
I want a divorce
A married couple are driving along a highway doing 60mph, the wife behind the wheel. Her husband suddenly looks over at her and says, "Honey, I know we've been married for 20 years, but I want a divorce."
The wife says nothing but slowly increases speed to 70 mph.
He then says, "I don't want you to try to talk me out of it, because I've been having an affair with your best friend, and she's a better lover than you are."
Again the wife stays quiet but speeds up as her anger increases.
"I want the house," he insists, pressing his luck. Again the wife speeds up, to eighty mph.
He says, "I want the car, too," but she just drives faster and faster.
By now she's up to ninety mph. "All right," he says, "I want the bank accounts, and all the credit cards, too."
The wife slowly starts to veer toward a bridge.
This makes him a bit nervous, so he says, "Isn't there anything you want?"
The wife says, "No, I've got everything I need."
"Oh, really," he says, "so what have you got?"
Right before they slam into the wall at a 100 mph, the wife smiles and says, " The airbag."
The wife says nothing but slowly increases speed to 70 mph.
He then says, "I don't want you to try to talk me out of it, because I've been having an affair with your best friend, and she's a better lover than you are."
Again the wife stays quiet but speeds up as her anger increases.
"I want the house," he insists, pressing his luck. Again the wife speeds up, to eighty mph.
He says, "I want the car, too," but she just drives faster and faster.
By now she's up to ninety mph. "All right," he says, "I want the bank accounts, and all the credit cards, too."
The wife slowly starts to veer toward a bridge.
This makes him a bit nervous, so he says, "Isn't there anything you want?"
The wife says, "No, I've got everything I need."
"Oh, really," he says, "so what have you got?"
Right before they slam into the wall at a 100 mph, the wife smiles and says, " The airbag."
Monday, April 14, 2008
Blood Types and their Personalities...
According to a Japanese institute that does research on blood types, there are certain personality traits that seem to match up with certain blood types. How do you rate?
TYPE O
You want to be a leader, and when you see something you want, you keep striving until you achieve your goal. You are a trend-setter, loyal, passionate, and self-confident. Your weaknesses include vanity and jealously and a tendency to be too competitive.
TYPE A
You like harmony, peace and organization. You work well with others, and are sensitive, patient and affectionate. Among your weaknesses are stubbornness and an inability to relax.
TYPE B
You're a rugged individualist, who's straightforward and likes to do things your own way. Creative and flexible, you adapt easily to any situation. But your insistence on being independent can sometimes go too far and become a weakness.
TYPE AB
Cool and controlled, you're generally well liked and always put people at ease. You're a natural entertainer who's tactful and fair. But you're standoffish, blunt, and have difficulty making decisions.
MOST IMPORTANT INFO NOW:
TYPE O
You want to be a leader, and when you see something you want, you keep striving until you achieve your goal. You are a trend-setter, loyal, passionate, and self-confident. Your weaknesses include vanity and jealously and a tendency to be too competitive.
TYPE A
You like harmony, peace and organization. You work well with others, and are sensitive, patient and affectionate. Among your weaknesses are stubbornness and an inability to relax.
TYPE B
You're a rugged individualist, who's straightforward and likes to do things your own way. Creative and flexible, you adapt easily to any situation. But your insistence on being independent can sometimes go too far and become a weakness.
TYPE AB
Cool and controlled, you're generally well liked and always put people at ease. You're a natural entertainer who's tactful and fair. But you're standoffish, blunt, and have difficulty making decisions.
MOST IMPORTANT INFO NOW:
| You Can Receive | ||||||||
| If Your Type Is | O- | O+ | B- | B+ | A- | A+ | AB- | AB+ |
| AB+ | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES | YES |
| AB- | YES | YES | YES | YES | ||||
| A+ | YES | YES | YES | YES | ||||
| A- | YES | YES | ||||||
| B+ | YES | YES | YES | YES | ||||
| B- | YES | YES | ||||||
| O+ | YES | YES | ||||||
| O- | YES |
Keep Walking.....
Jus to check this out......
The Organs of your body have their sensory touches at the bottom of your foot, if you massage these points you will find relief from aches and pains as you can see the heart is on the left foot.
Typically they are shown as points and arrows to show which organ it connects to.
It is indeed correct since the nerves connected to these organs terminate here.
This is covered in great details in Acupressure studies or textbooks.
God created our body so well that he thought of even this. He made us walk so that we will always be pressing these pressure points and thus keeping these organs activated at all times.
So, keep walking...
The Organs of your body have their sensory touches at the bottom of your foot, if you massage these points you will find relief from aches and pains as you can see the heart is on the left foot.
Typically they are shown as points and arrows to show which organ it connects to.
It is indeed correct since the nerves connected to these organs terminate here.
This is covered in great details in Acupressure studies or textbooks.
God created our body so well that he thought of even this. He made us walk so that we will always be pressing these pressure points and thus keeping these organs activated at all times.
So, keep walking...
Thursday, April 10, 2008
3 Men and a River
One day three men were walking along and came upon a raging, violent river.
They needed to get to the other side, but had no idea of how to do it. The
first man prayed to God saying, 'Please God, give me the strength to cross
this river.' Poof! God gave him big arms and strong legs, and he was able
to swim across the river in about two hours.
Seeing this, the second man prayed to God saying, 'Please God, give me the
strength and ability to cross this river.' Poof! God gave him a rowboat and
he was able to row across the river in about an hour.
The third man had seen how this worked out for the other two, so he also
prayed to God saying, 'Please God, give me the strength, ability, and
intelligence to cross this river.' And Poof! God turned him into a woman.
She looked at the map, then walked across the bridge.
They needed to get to the other side, but had no idea of how to do it. The
first man prayed to God saying, 'Please God, give me the strength to cross
this river.' Poof! God gave him big arms and strong legs, and he was able
to swim across the river in about two hours.
Seeing this, the second man prayed to God saying, 'Please God, give me the
strength and ability to cross this river.' Poof! God gave him a rowboat and
he was able to row across the river in about an hour.
The third man had seen how this worked out for the other two, so he also
prayed to God saying, 'Please God, give me the strength, ability, and
intelligence to cross this river.' And Poof! God turned him into a woman.
She looked at the map, then walked across the bridge.
NATURAL HERBS :::: ARNICA FLOWERS
Arnica Flowers
SCIENTIFIC NAME : Arnica montana
COMMON NAME : Leopard's bane, mountain tobacco, mountain snuff, wolf's bane
BOTANY
Arnica is a perennial that grows from 1 to 2 feet. 1,2 Its oval, opposite leaves form a basal rosette close to the soil surface. It has bright yellow, daisy like flowers.1-3 The dried flower heads are the primary parts used from the plant. The rhizome is also used.2,4 Arnica is native to the mountainous regions of Europe to southern Russia.3,4 The unrelated plant, monkshood (Aconitum spp) is sometimes referred to as wolf's bane.
HISTORY
Internal and external preparations made from the flowering heads of arnica have been used medicinally for hundreds of years. Alcoholic tinctures were used by early settlers to treat sore throats, as a febrifuge, and to improve circulation. Homeopathic uses included the treatment of surgical or accidental trauma, as an analgesic, and in the treatment of postoperative thrombophlebitis and pulmonary embolj,5 It has been used externally for acne, bruises, sprains and muscle aches, and as a general topical counterirritant. 6 Arnica has been used extensively in European folk medicine. German philosopher Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749-1832) was said to have drunk arnica tea to "ease" his angina.2 Arnica's bactericidal properties were employed for abrasions and gunshot wounds?
CHEMISTRY
A number of flavonoid glycosides have been identified in arnica. Flavonoids (0.4% to 0.6%)3 include betuletol, eupafolin, flavonol glucuronides hispidulin, isorhamnetin, luteolin, patuletin, spinacetin, tricin, , -trihydroxy- -trimethoxyflavo ne, kaempferol, quercetin,9 and kaempferol and quercetin derivative,lO jaceosidin, and pectolin-arigenin. 4 Isomeric alcohols include arnidiol and foradiol.
Terpenoids in arnica include arnifolin, arnicolide,2 sesquiterpenes (helenalin9 and helenalin derivatives, dihydrohelenalin, etc). Pseudoguaianolide helenalinmethacrylate, a helenalin ester, has been isolated from the flowers.
Amines present in the plant are betaine, choline, and trimethylamine. Coumarins include scopoletin and umbel liferone.
Carbohydrates such as mucilage and polysaccharides (ie, inulin) are found in arnica. Two homogeneous polysaccharides, for example, include an acidic arabino3,6-galactan- protein, and a neutral fucogalactoxyloglucan.13 Further polysaccharide isolation has been performed on a group of water-soluble acidic heteroglycaines.
Volatile oils (0.3% to 1 %) may be obtained from rhizomes and roots or from flower parts (used in perfumery)? Constituents in the oil include thymol, its derivatives, 2 and fatty acids (palmitic, linoleic, myristic, and linolenic).4 The fatty acid content in arnica leaf essential oil has been evaluated, as well.
Other components found in arnica include bitter compound arnicin, caffeic acid,7,9 carotenoids (alpha- and beta-carotene, cryptoxanthin, lutein),4,9, 16 phytosterols, resin, tannins,2,4 and anthoxanthine.
PHARMACOLOGY
Not only is arnica employed in hair tonics, antidandruff preparations, perfumery, and cosmetics, it is used in herbal and homeopathic medicines as, wel1.4,7 The plant possesses a slight anti-inflammatory and mild analgesic effect, most likely due to the sesquiterpene lactones. Helenalin and dihydrohelenalin exert mild anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activity.6,9 They expressed anti-inflammatory activity in mice and rats,4 and in humans, as well. Arnica improved feelings of stiffness associated with hard physical exertion (vs placebo) when tested in 36 marathon participants in a double-blinded, randomized trial. However, in another report, contradictory results were seen.
Patients who had impacted wisdom teeth removed received either metronidazole, arnica, or placebo. Metronidazole was more effective than arnica in controlling postoperative pain, inflammation, and healing. Patients receiving arnica had greater pain and inflammation than those receiving placebo.
Arnica contains a group of polysaccharides with 65% to 100% galacturonic acid that can inhibit the complement system, thereby modifying the immune system reponse.19 This polysaccharide displays marked phagocytosis enhancement in vivo. Yet another compound
SCIENTIFIC NAME : Arnica montana
COMMON NAME : Leopard's bane, mountain tobacco, mountain snuff, wolf's bane
BOTANY
Arnica is a perennial that grows from 1 to 2 feet. 1,2 Its oval, opposite leaves form a basal rosette close to the soil surface. It has bright yellow, daisy like flowers.1-3 The dried flower heads are the primary parts used from the plant. The rhizome is also used.2,4 Arnica is native to the mountainous regions of Europe to southern Russia.3,4 The unrelated plant, monkshood (Aconitum spp) is sometimes referred to as wolf's bane.
HISTORY
Internal and external preparations made from the flowering heads of arnica have been used medicinally for hundreds of years. Alcoholic tinctures were used by early settlers to treat sore throats, as a febrifuge, and to improve circulation. Homeopathic uses included the treatment of surgical or accidental trauma, as an analgesic, and in the treatment of postoperative thrombophlebitis and pulmonary embolj,5 It has been used externally for acne, bruises, sprains and muscle aches, and as a general topical counterirritant. 6 Arnica has been used extensively in European folk medicine. German philosopher Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749-1832) was said to have drunk arnica tea to "ease" his angina.2 Arnica's bactericidal properties were employed for abrasions and gunshot wounds?
CHEMISTRY
A number of flavonoid glycosides have been identified in arnica. Flavonoids (0.4% to 0.6%)3 include betuletol, eupafolin, flavonol glucuronides hispidulin, isorhamnetin, luteolin, patuletin, spinacetin, tricin, , -trihydroxy- -trimethoxyflavo ne, kaempferol, quercetin,9 and kaempferol and quercetin derivative,lO jaceosidin, and pectolin-arigenin. 4 Isomeric alcohols include arnidiol and foradiol.
Terpenoids in arnica include arnifolin, arnicolide,2 sesquiterpenes (helenalin9 and helenalin derivatives, dihydrohelenalin, etc). Pseudoguaianolide helenalinmethacrylate, a helenalin ester, has been isolated from the flowers.
Amines present in the plant are betaine, choline, and trimethylamine. Coumarins include scopoletin and umbel liferone.
Carbohydrates such as mucilage and polysaccharides (ie, inulin) are found in arnica. Two homogeneous polysaccharides, for example, include an acidic arabino3,6-galactan- protein, and a neutral fucogalactoxyloglucan.13 Further polysaccharide isolation has been performed on a group of water-soluble acidic heteroglycaines.
Volatile oils (0.3% to 1 %) may be obtained from rhizomes and roots or from flower parts (used in perfumery)? Constituents in the oil include thymol, its derivatives, 2 and fatty acids (palmitic, linoleic, myristic, and linolenic).4 The fatty acid content in arnica leaf essential oil has been evaluated, as well.
Other components found in arnica include bitter compound arnicin, caffeic acid,7,9 carotenoids (alpha- and beta-carotene, cryptoxanthin, lutein),4,9, 16 phytosterols, resin, tannins,2,4 and anthoxanthine.
PHARMACOLOGY
Not only is arnica employed in hair tonics, antidandruff preparations, perfumery, and cosmetics, it is used in herbal and homeopathic medicines as, wel1.4,7 The plant possesses a slight anti-inflammatory and mild analgesic effect, most likely due to the sesquiterpene lactones. Helenalin and dihydrohelenalin exert mild anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activity.6,9 They expressed anti-inflammatory activity in mice and rats,4 and in humans, as well. Arnica improved feelings of stiffness associated with hard physical exertion (vs placebo) when tested in 36 marathon participants in a double-blinded, randomized trial. However, in another report, contradictory results were seen.
Patients who had impacted wisdom teeth removed received either metronidazole, arnica, or placebo. Metronidazole was more effective than arnica in controlling postoperative pain, inflammation, and healing. Patients receiving arnica had greater pain and inflammation than those receiving placebo.
Arnica contains a group of polysaccharides with 65% to 100% galacturonic acid that can inhibit the complement system, thereby modifying the immune system reponse.19 This polysaccharide displays marked phagocytosis enhancement in vivo. Yet another compound
Dangerous drugs
DANGEROUS DRUGS HAVE BEEN GLOBALLY DISCARDED BUT ARE AVAILABLE IN INDIA . The most common ones are action 500 & Nimulid.
PHENYLPROPANOLAMINE :
cold and cough. Reason for ban : stroke.
Brand name : Vicks Action-500
____________ _________ _________ _________ _________
ANALGIN:
This is a pain-killer. Reason for ban: Bone marrow depression.
Brand name: Novalgin
____________ _________ _________ _________ _________
CISAPRIDE:
Acidity, constipation. Reason for ban : irregular heartbeat
Brand name : Ciza, Syspride
____________ _________ _________ _________ _________
DROPERIDOL:
Anti-depressant. Reason for ban : Irregular heartbeat.
Brand name : Droperol
____________ _________ _________ _________ _________
FURAZOLIDONE:
Antidiarrhoeal. Reason for ban : Cancer.
Brand name : Furoxone, Lomofen
____________ _________ _________ _________ _________
NIMESULIDE:
Painkiller, fever. Reason for ban : Liver failure.
Brand name : Nise, Nimulid
____________ _________ _________ _________ _________
NITROFURAZONE:
Antibacterial cream. Reason for ban : Cancer.
Brand name : Furacin
____________ _________ _________ _________ _________ __
PHENOLPHTHALEIN:
Laxative. Reason for ban : Cancer.
Brand name : Agarol
____________ _________ _________ ____________ _________
OXYPHENBUTAZONE:
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Reason for ban : Bone marrow depression.
Brand name : Sioril
____________ _________ _________ _________ _________
PIPERAZINE:
Anti-worms. Reason for ban : Nerve damage.
Brand name : Piperazine
____________ _________ _________ _________ _________
QUINIODOCHLOR:
Anti-diarrhoeal. Reason for ban : Damage to sight.
Brand name: Enteroquinol
PHENYLPROPANOLAMINE :
cold and cough. Reason for ban : stroke.
Brand name : Vicks Action-500
____________ _________ _________ _________ _________
ANALGIN:
This is a pain-killer. Reason for ban: Bone marrow depression.
Brand name: Novalgin
____________ _________ _________ _________ _________
CISAPRIDE:
Acidity, constipation. Reason for ban : irregular heartbeat
Brand name : Ciza, Syspride
____________ _________ _________ _________ _________
DROPERIDOL:
Anti-depressant. Reason for ban : Irregular heartbeat.
Brand name : Droperol
____________ _________ _________ _________ _________
FURAZOLIDONE:
Antidiarrhoeal. Reason for ban : Cancer.
Brand name : Furoxone, Lomofen
____________ _________ _________ _________ _________
NIMESULIDE:
Painkiller, fever. Reason for ban : Liver failure.
Brand name : Nise, Nimulid
____________ _________ _________ _________ _________
NITROFURAZONE:
Antibacterial cream. Reason for ban : Cancer.
Brand name : Furacin
____________ _________ _________ _________ _________ __
PHENOLPHTHALEIN:
Laxative. Reason for ban : Cancer.
Brand name : Agarol
____________ _________ _________ ____________ _________
OXYPHENBUTAZONE:
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Reason for ban : Bone marrow depression.
Brand name : Sioril
____________ _________ _________ _________ _________
PIPERAZINE:
Anti-worms. Reason for ban : Nerve damage.
Brand name : Piperazine
____________ _________ _________ _________ _________
QUINIODOCHLOR:
Anti-diarrhoeal. Reason for ban : Damage to sight.
Brand name: Enteroquinol
Monday, April 7, 2008
SICK LEAVE POLICY!!!
TO: ALL EMPLOYEES
SUBJECT: SICK LEAVE POLICY*
**
**
**
*SICKNESS:
No excuse...We will no longer accept your doctor's statement as proof. We believe that if you are able to go to the doctor, you are able to come to work.*
*
AN OPERATION:
We are no longer allowing this practice. We wish to discourage any thoughts that you may need an operation. We believe that as long as you are an employee here, you will need all of whatever you have and should not consider having anything removed. We hired you as you are, and to have anything removed would certainly make you less than we bargained for.*
*
DEATH:
Other than your own:
This is no excuse for missing work. There is nothing you can do for them, and we are sure that someone else can attend to the arrangements. However, if the funeral can be held in the late afternoon, we will be glad to allow you to work through your lunch hour and subsequently let you leave 1 hour early, provided your share of the work is ahead enough to keep the job going in your absence.*
*Your own:
This will be accepted as an excuse. However, we require at least two weeks notice as we feel it is your duty to train your replacement. *
*ALSO:
Entirely too much time is being spent in the restroom. In the future, we will follow the practice of going in alphabetical order. For instance, those whose names begin with "A" will go from 8:00-8:15, and so on. If you're unable to go at your time, it will be necessary to wait until the next day when your time comes again. *
*We appreciate your cooperation,
THE MANAGEMENT*
SUBJECT: SICK LEAVE POLICY*
**
**
**
*SICKNESS:
No excuse...We will no longer accept your doctor's statement as proof. We believe that if you are able to go to the doctor, you are able to come to work.*
*
AN OPERATION:
We are no longer allowing this practice. We wish to discourage any thoughts that you may need an operation. We believe that as long as you are an employee here, you will need all of whatever you have and should not consider having anything removed. We hired you as you are, and to have anything removed would certainly make you less than we bargained for.*
*
DEATH:
Other than your own:
This is no excuse for missing work. There is nothing you can do for them, and we are sure that someone else can attend to the arrangements. However, if the funeral can be held in the late afternoon, we will be glad to allow you to work through your lunch hour and subsequently let you leave 1 hour early, provided your share of the work is ahead enough to keep the job going in your absence.*
*Your own:
This will be accepted as an excuse. However, we require at least two weeks notice as we feel it is your duty to train your replacement. *
*ALSO:
Entirely too much time is being spent in the restroom. In the future, we will follow the practice of going in alphabetical order. For instance, those whose names begin with "A" will go from 8:00-8:15, and so on. If you're unable to go at your time, it will be necessary to wait until the next day when your time comes again. *
*We appreciate your cooperation,
THE MANAGEMENT*
Friday, April 4, 2008
Jokes...
1. One GOOD way to REDUCE Alcohol consumption :
Before Marriage - Drink whenever you are SAD
After Marriage - Drink whenever you are HAPPY
2. A man got 2 wishes from GOD. He asked for the Best wine and Best Woman.
Next moment, he had the Best Wine and Mother Teresa next to him.
Moral : BE SPECIFIC
3. Let us be generous like this : Four Ants are moving through a forest.
They see an ELEPHANT coming towards them.
Ant 1 says : we should KILL him.
Ant 2 says : No, Let us break his Leg alone.
Ant 3 says : No, we will
just throw him away from our path.
Ant 4 says : No, we will LEAVE him
because he is ALONE and we are FOUR.
4. Why Government do NOT allow a Man to MARRY 2 Women. Because per Constitution, you can NOT PUNISH TWICE for the same Mistake.
5. Question : When do you CONGRATULATE someone for their MISTAKE.
Answer : On their MARRIAGE.
Before Marriage - Drink whenever you are SAD
After Marriage - Drink whenever you are HAPPY
2. A man got 2 wishes from GOD. He asked for the Best wine and Best Woman.
Next moment, he had the Best Wine and Mother Teresa next to him.
Moral : BE SPECIFIC
3. Let us be generous like this : Four Ants are moving through a forest.
They see an ELEPHANT coming towards them.
Ant 1 says : we should KILL him.
Ant 2 says : No, Let us break his Leg alone.
Ant 3 says : No, we will
just throw him away from our path.
Ant 4 says : No, we will LEAVE him
because he is ALONE and we are FOUR.
4. Why Government do NOT allow a Man to MARRY 2 Women. Because per Constitution, you can NOT PUNISH TWICE for the same Mistake.
5. Question : When do you CONGRATULATE someone for their MISTAKE.
Answer : On their MARRIAGE.
Thursday, April 3, 2008
Internet Satelite a Boon.!!!
How do you access the Internet other than dial-up if you live too far from a phone company office for DSL and there is no cable TV on your street? Satellite Internet access may be worth considering. It's ideal for rural Internet users who want broadband access. Satellite Internet does not use telephone lines or cable systems, but instead uses a satellite dish for two-way (upload and download) data communications. Upload speed is about one-tenth of the 500 kbps download speed. Cable and DSL have higher download speeds, but satellite systems are about 10 times faster than a normal modem.
Firms that offer or plan to offer two-way satellite Internet include StarBand, Pegasus Express, Teledesic and Tachyon. Tachyon service is available today in the United States, Western Europe and Mexico. Pegasus Express is the two-way version of DirecPC.
Two-way satellite Internet consists of:
* * Approximately a two-foot by three-foot dish
* * Two modems (uplink and downlink)
* * Coaxial cables between dish and modem
The key installation planning requirement is a clear view to the south, since the orbiting satellites are over the equator area. And, like satellite TV, trees and heavy rains can affect reception of the Internet signals.
Two-way satellite Internet uses Internet Protocol (IP) multicasting technology, which means up to 5,000 channels of communication can simultaneously be served by a single satellite. IP multicasting sends data from one point to many points (at the same time) by sending data in compressed format. Compression reduces the size of the data and the bandwidth. Usual dial-up land-based terrestrial systems have bandwidth limitations that prevent multicasting of this magnitude.
Some satellite-Internet service still requires you to have a dial-up or cable modem connection for the data you send to the Internet. The satellite data downlink is just like the usual terrestrial link, except the satellite transmits the data to your computer via the same dish that would allow you to receive a Pay-Per-View television program.
So, if you are in a rural area and you want broadband access to the Internet, satellite Internet may be for you!
Firms that offer or plan to offer two-way satellite Internet include StarBand, Pegasus Express, Teledesic and Tachyon. Tachyon service is available today in the United States, Western Europe and Mexico. Pegasus Express is the two-way version of DirecPC.
Two-way satellite Internet consists of:
* * Approximately a two-foot by three-foot dish
* * Two modems (uplink and downlink)
* * Coaxial cables between dish and modem
The key installation planning requirement is a clear view to the south, since the orbiting satellites are over the equator area. And, like satellite TV, trees and heavy rains can affect reception of the Internet signals.
Two-way satellite Internet uses Internet Protocol (IP) multicasting technology, which means up to 5,000 channels of communication can simultaneously be served by a single satellite. IP multicasting sends data from one point to many points (at the same time) by sending data in compressed format. Compression reduces the size of the data and the bandwidth. Usual dial-up land-based terrestrial systems have bandwidth limitations that prevent multicasting of this magnitude.
Some satellite-Internet service still requires you to have a dial-up or cable modem connection for the data you send to the Internet. The satellite data downlink is just like the usual terrestrial link, except the satellite transmits the data to your computer via the same dish that would allow you to receive a Pay-Per-View television program.
So, if you are in a rural area and you want broadband access to the Internet, satellite Internet may be for you!
Does love need a reason?? NO!----Story
Lady : Why do you like me.. Why do you love me?
Man : I can't tell the reason.. but I really love
you..
Lady : You can't even tell me the reason... how can
you say you love me? How can you say you like me?
Man : I really don't know the reason, but I can
prove that I love you.
Lady : Proof No! I want you to tell me the reason.
My friend's boyfriend can tell her why he loves her
but not you!
Man : Ok..ok!!! Erm... because you are beautiful,
because your voice is sweet,
because you are caring,
because you are loving,
because you are thoughtful,
because of your smile,
because of your every movements.
The lady felt very satisfied with the man's answer.
Unfortunately, a few days later, the Lady met with an accident and went in
comma.
The Guy then placed a letter by her side, and
here is the content:
Darling,
Because of your sweet voice that I love you...
Now can you talk No! Therefore I cannot love you.
Because of your care and concern that I like you..
Now that you cannot show them, therefore I cannot love
you.
Because of your smile,because of your every movements
that I love you.. Now can you smile Now can you move
No, therefore I cannot love you...
If love needs a reason, like now, there is no
reason for me to love you anymore.
Does love need a reason?? NO!
Therefore, I still love you...
Man : I can't tell the reason.. but I really love
you..
Lady : You can't even tell me the reason... how can
you say you love me? How can you say you like me?
Man : I really don't know the reason, but I can
prove that I love you.
Lady : Proof No! I want you to tell me the reason.
My friend's boyfriend can tell her why he loves her
but not you!
Man : Ok..ok!!! Erm... because you are beautiful,
because your voice is sweet,
because you are caring,
because you are loving,
because you are thoughtful,
because of your smile,
because of your every movements.
The lady felt very satisfied with the man's answer.
Unfortunately, a few days later, the Lady met with an accident and went in
comma.
The Guy then placed a letter by her side, and
here is the content:
Darling,
Because of your sweet voice that I love you...
Now can you talk No! Therefore I cannot love you.
Because of your care and concern that I like you..
Now that you cannot show them, therefore I cannot love
you.
Because of your smile,because of your every movements
that I love you.. Now can you smile Now can you move
No, therefore I cannot love you...
If love needs a reason, like now, there is no
reason for me to love you anymore.
Does love need a reason?? NO!
Therefore, I still love you...
BE PATIENT
This is a true story which happened in the States. A man came out of his home to admire his new truck. To his puzzlement, his three-year-old son was happily hammering dents into the shiny paint of the truck. The man ran to his son, knocked him away, hammered the little boy's hands into pulp as punishment. When the father calmed down, he rushed his son to the hospital.
Although the doctor tried desperately to save the crushed bones, he finally had to amputate the fingers from both the boy's hands. When the boy woke up from the surgery & saw his bandaged stubs, he innocently said, 'Daddy, I'm sorry about your truck.' Then he asked, 'but when are my fingers going to grow back?' The father went home & committed suicide.
Think about this story the next time someone steps on your feet or you wish to take revenge. Think first before you lose your patience with someone you love. Trucks can be repaired.. Broken bones & hurt feelings often can't. Too often we fail to recognize the difference between the person and the performance. We forget that forgiveness is greater than revenge.
People make mistakes. We are allowed to make mistakes. But the actions we take while in a rage will haunt us forever.
'Good Life starts only when you stop wanting a better One'
'Life is not measured by the number of breaths we take, but by the moments that take our breath away '
Although the doctor tried desperately to save the crushed bones, he finally had to amputate the fingers from both the boy's hands. When the boy woke up from the surgery & saw his bandaged stubs, he innocently said, 'Daddy, I'm sorry about your truck.' Then he asked, 'but when are my fingers going to grow back?' The father went home & committed suicide.
Think about this story the next time someone steps on your feet or you wish to take revenge. Think first before you lose your patience with someone you love. Trucks can be repaired.. Broken bones & hurt feelings often can't. Too often we fail to recognize the difference between the person and the performance. We forget that forgiveness is greater than revenge.
People make mistakes. We are allowed to make mistakes. But the actions we take while in a rage will haunt us forever.
'Good Life starts only when you stop wanting a better One'
'Life is not measured by the number of breaths we take, but by the moments that take our breath away '
PERSONAL PERCEPTION
Different people have different perceptions. One man's meat could be another man's poison. A couple bought a donkey from the market. On the way home, a boy commented, 'Very stupid. Why neither of them ride on the donkey?' Upon hearing that, the husband let the wife ride on the donkey. He walked besides them. Later, an old man saw it and commented, 'The husband is the head of family. How can the wife ride on the donkey while the husband is on foot?' Hearing this, the wife quickly got down and let the husband ride on the donkey.
Further on the way home, they met an old Lady. She commented, 'How can the man ride on the donkey but let the wife walk. He is no gentleman.' The husband thus quickly asked the wife to join him on the donkey. Then, they met a young man. He commented, 'Poor donkey, how can you hold up the weight of two persons. They are cruel to you.' Hearing that, the husband and wife immediately climbed down from the donkey and carried it on their shoulders.
It seems to be the only choice left. Later, on a narrow bridge, the donkey was frightened and struggled. They lost their balance and fell into the river. You can never have everyone praise you, nor will everyone condemn you. Never in the past, not at present, and never will be in the future.
Thus, do not be too bothered by others words if our conscience is clear..
Further on the way home, they met an old Lady. She commented, 'How can the man ride on the donkey but let the wife walk. He is no gentleman.' The husband thus quickly asked the wife to join him on the donkey. Then, they met a young man. He commented, 'Poor donkey, how can you hold up the weight of two persons. They are cruel to you.' Hearing that, the husband and wife immediately climbed down from the donkey and carried it on their shoulders.
It seems to be the only choice left. Later, on a narrow bridge, the donkey was frightened and struggled. They lost their balance and fell into the river. You can never have everyone praise you, nor will everyone condemn you. Never in the past, not at present, and never will be in the future.
Thus, do not be too bothered by others words if our conscience is clear..
RIGHT SPEECH
There is a Chinese saying which carries the meaning that 'A speech will either prosper or ruin a nation.' Many relationships break off because of wrong speech. When a couple is too close with each other, we always forget mutual respect and courtesy. We may say anything without considering if it would hurt the other party.
A friend and her millionaire husband visited their construction site. A worker who wore a helmet saw her and shouted, 'Hi, Emily! Remember me? We used to date in the secondary school.' On the way home, her millionaire husband teased her, 'Luckily you married me. Otherwise you will be the wife of a construction worker.' She answered, 'You should appreciate that you married me. Otherwise, he will be the millionaire and not you.'
Frequently exchanging these remarks plants the seed for a bad relationship. It's like a broken egg - cannot be reversed.
A friend and her millionaire husband visited their construction site. A worker who wore a helmet saw her and shouted, 'Hi, Emily! Remember me? We used to date in the secondary school.' On the way home, her millionaire husband teased her, 'Luckily you married me. Otherwise you will be the wife of a construction worker.' She answered, 'You should appreciate that you married me. Otherwise, he will be the millionaire and not you.'
Frequently exchanging these remarks plants the seed for a bad relationship. It's like a broken egg - cannot be reversed.
NO OVERPOWERING
Many relationships fail because one party tries to overpower another, or demands too much. People in love tend to think that love will conquer all and their spouses will change the bad habits after marriage. Actually, this is not the case. There is a Chinese saying which carries the meaning that 'It is easier to reshape a mountain or a river than a person's character.'
It is not easy to change. Thus, having high expectations on changing the spouse's character will cause disappointment and unpleasantness.
It would be less painful to change ourselves and lower our expectations. .
It is not easy to change. Thus, having high expectations on changing the spouse's character will cause disappointment and unpleasantness.
It would be less painful to change ourselves and lower our expectations. .
CREATING PERFECT RELATIONSHIPS?
A person visited the government matchmaker for marriage, SDU, and requested 'I am looking for a spouse. Please help me to find a suitable one.' The SDU officer said, 'Your requirements, please.' 'Oh, good looking, polite, humorous, sporty, knowledgeable, good in singing and dancing. Willing to accompany me the whole day at home during my leisure hour, if I don't go out. Telling me interesting stories when I need a companion for conversation and be silent when I want to rest.' The officer listened carefully and replied, 'I understand, you need television.'
There is a saying that a perfect match can only be found between a blind wife and a deaf husband, because the blind wife cannot see the faults of the husband and the deaf husband cannot hear the nagging of the wife. Many couples are blind and deaf at the courting stage and dream of perpetual perfect relationship. Unfortunately, when the excitement of love wears off, they wake up and discover that marriage is not a bed of roses. The nightmare begins.
There is a saying that a perfect match can only be found between a blind wife and a deaf husband, because the blind wife cannot see the faults of the husband and the deaf husband cannot hear the nagging of the wife. Many couples are blind and deaf at the courting stage and dream of perpetual perfect relationship. Unfortunately, when the excitement of love wears off, they wake up and discover that marriage is not a bed of roses. The nightmare begins.
NO POINTING FINGERS
A man asked his father-in-law, 'Many people praised you for a successful marriage. Could you please share with me your secret?'
The father-in-law answered in a smile, 'Never criticize your wife for her shortcomings or when she does something wrong. Always bear in mind that because of her shortcomings and weaknesses, she could not find a better husband than you.'
We all look forward to being loved and respected. Many people are afraid of losing face. Generally, when a person makes a mistake, he would look around to find a scapegoat to point the finger at. This is the start of a war. We should always remember that when we point one finger at a person, the other four fingers are pointing at ourselves.
If we forgive the others, others will ignore our mistake too.
The father-in-law answered in a smile, 'Never criticize your wife for her shortcomings or when she does something wrong. Always bear in mind that because of her shortcomings and weaknesses, she could not find a better husband than you.'
We all look forward to being loved and respected. Many people are afraid of losing face. Generally, when a person makes a mistake, he would look around to find a scapegoat to point the finger at. This is the start of a war. We should always remember that when we point one finger at a person, the other four fingers are pointing at ourselves.
If we forgive the others, others will ignore our mistake too.
Trust
TRUST is a very important factor for all relationships. When trust is broken, it is the end of the relationship. Lack of trust leads to suspicion, suspicion generates anger, anger causes enmity and enmity may result in separation.
A telephone operator told me that one day she received a phone call. She answered, 'Public Utilities Board.' There was silence. She repeated, 'PUB.' There was still no answer. When she was going to cut off the line, she heard a lady's voice, 'Oh, so this is PUB. Sorry, I got the number from my husband's pocket but I do not know whose number it is.'
Without mutual trust, just imagine what will happen to the couple if the telephone operator answered with just 'hello' instead of 'PUB'.
A telephone operator told me that one day she received a phone call. She answered, 'Public Utilities Board.' There was silence. She repeated, 'PUB.' There was still no answer. When she was going to cut off the line, she heard a lady's voice, 'Oh, so this is PUB. Sorry, I got the number from my husband's pocket but I do not know whose number it is.'
Without mutual trust, just imagine what will happen to the couple if the telephone operator answered with just 'hello' instead of 'PUB'.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)
Deals
